Improvements in HIV treatment outcomes among indigenous and non-indigenous people who use illicit drugs in a Canadian setting
M-J Milloy,M-J Milloy,Alexandra King,Alexandra King,Thomas Kerr,Thomas Kerr,Evan M. Adams,Hasina Samji,Silvia Guillemi,Evan Wood,Evan Wood,Julio S. G. Montaner,Julio S. G. Montaner +12 more
TLDR
Investigation of longitudinal changes in three HIV treatment indicators for IPLWH who use illicit drugs during a community‐wide treatment‐as‐prevention (TasP) initiative in British Columbia, Canada finds no significant differences between indigenous and non‐indigenous participants.Abstract:
Introduction : In many settings worldwide, members of indigenous groups experience a disproportionate burden of HIV. In Canada, there is an urgent need to improve HIV treatment outcomes for indigenous people living with HIV (IPLWH), to not only reduce HIV/AIDS-associated morbidity and mortality but also curb elevated rates of viral transmission. Thus, by comparing indigenous and non-indigenous participants in an ongoing longitudinal cohort of HIV-positive people who use illicit drugs, we sought to investigate longitudinal changes in three HIV treatment indicators for IPLWH who use illicit drugs during a community-wide treatment-as-prevention (TasP) initiative in British Columbia, Canada. Methods : We used data from the ACCESS study, an ongoing observational prospective cohort of HIV-positive illicit drug users recruited from community settings in Vancouver, British Columbia. Cohort data are linked to comprehensive retrospective and prospective clinical records in a setting of no-cost HIV/AIDS treatment and care. We used multivariable generalized estimating equations (GEE) to evaluate longitudinal changes in the proportion of participants with exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the previous 180 days, optimal adherence to ART (i.e. ≥95% vs. 0.1). Conclusions : In this large and long-term study involving community-recruited HIV-positive illicit drug users, we observed a substantial and increasing proportion of indigenous participants reach several important thresholds in HIV care at rates indistinguishable from non-indigenous participants. The current findings highlight the important role of TasP on vulnerable populations in this setting and contribute to the evidence base supporting the immediate scale-up of ART to address HIV/AIDS-associated morbidity, mortality and viral transmission. Keywords: HIV; AIDS; indigenous; highly active antiretroviral therapy; HAART; plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load; treatment-as-prevention. (Published: 18 April 2016) Citation: Milloy M-J et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2016, 19 :20617 http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/20617 | http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.19.1.20617read more
Citations
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Knowledge of hepatitis C and treatment willingness amongst people who inject drugs in an era of direct acting antivirals
Allison Mah,Mark Hull,Kora DeBeck,M.-J. Milloy,M.-J. Milloy,Sabina Dobrer,Ekaterina Nosova,Evan Wood,Evan Wood,Thomas Kerr,Thomas Kerr,Kanna Hayashi,Kanna Hayashi +12 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that increasing HCV knowledge amongst people who inject drugs (PWID) may be an integral component of the HCV cascade of care and that efforts might be best targeted to individuals with greater socioeconomic disadvantage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reducing rates of preventable HIV/AIDS-associated mortality among people living with HIV who inject drugs.
Surita Parashar,Alexandra B. Collins,Julio S. G. Montaner,Robert S. Hogg,Michael-John Milloy +4 more
TL;DR: Joint administration of ART and opioid substitution therapy, as well as repeal of punitive laws that criminalize drug users, are urgently needed to reduce HIV and injection-related mortality among PWID.
Journal ArticleDOI
Experiences of the HIV Cascade of Care Among Indigenous Peoples: A Systematic Review.
Kate Jongbloed,Sherri Pooyak,Richa Sharma,Jennifer Mackie,Margo E. Pearce,Nancy Laliberte,Lou Demerais,Richard T. Lester,Martin T. Schechter,Charlotte Loppie,Patricia M. Spittal +10 more
TL;DR: With the HIV cascade of care increasingly the focus of global, national, and local HIV agendas, it is critical that culturally-safe care for Indigenous peoples is available at all stages.
Journal ArticleDOI
Engagement in Maximally-Assisted Therapy and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among a Cohort of Indigenous People Who Use Illicit Drugs
Brittany Barker,Evan M. Adams,Evan Wood,Thomas Kerr,Kora DeBeck,Huiru Dong,Jean Shoveller,Julio S. G. Montaner,M.-J. Milloy +8 more
TL;DR: Engagement in MAT was independently associated with optimal adherence to ART and MAT-based programmes could be a part of a renewed evidence-base to elevated levels of preventable HIV/AIDS-associated morbidity, mortality and viral transmission among Indigenous peoples in Canada.
Journal ArticleDOI
Declining Mortality Rates in HIV-Infected People Who Inject Drugs During a Seek-and-Treat Initiative in Vancouver, Canada, 1996-2014: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Kanna Hayashi,Kanna Hayashi,Huiru Dong,Thomas Kerr,Thomas Kerr,Sabina Dobrer,Silvia Guillemi,Rolando Barrios,Julio S. G. Montaner,Julio S. G. Montaner,Evan Wood,Evan Wood,M.-J. Milloy,M.-J. Milloy +13 more
TL;DR: The results demonstrated significant declines in age-adjusted all-cause and HIV-related mortality rates since 2010, coincident with the scale-up of a community-wide "seek-and-treat" campaign.
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