In the Zone or Zoning Out? Tracking Behavioral and Neural Fluctuations During Sustained Attention
Michael Esterman,Sarah Noonan,Sarah Noonan,Monica D. Rosenberg,Joseph DeGutis,Joseph DeGutis +5 more
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TLDR
A novel task is introduced, along with innovative analysis procedures that probe the relationships between reaction time (RT) variability, attention lapses, and intrinsic brain activity, and represent an important step forward in linking intrinsicbrain activity to behavioral phenomena.Abstract:
Despite growing recognition that attention fluctuates from moment-to-moment during sustained performance, prevailing analysis strategies involve averaging data across multiple trials or time points, treating these fluctuations as noise. Here, using alternative approaches, we clarify the relationship between ongoing brain activity and performance fluctuations during sustained attention. We introduce a novel task (the gradual onset continuous performance task), along with innovative analysis procedures that probe the relationships between reaction time (RT) variability, attention lapses, and intrinsic brain activity. Our results highlight 2 attentional states-a stable, less error-prone state ("in the zone"), characterized by higher default mode network (DMN) activity but during which subjects are at risk of erring if DMN activity rises beyond intermediate levels, and a more effortful mode of processing ("out of the zone"), that is less optimal for sustained performance and relies on activity in dorsal attention network (DAN) regions. These findings motivate a new view of DMN and DAN functioning capable of integrating seemingly disparate reports of their role in goal-directed behavior. Further, they hold potential to reconcile conflicting theories of sustained attention, and represent an important step forward in linking intrinsic brain activity to behavioral phenomena.read more
Citations
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Spontaneous default network activity reflects behavioral variability independent of mind-wandering.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the cognitive processes that spontaneous DMN activity specifically reflects are only partially related to mind-wandering and include also attentional state fluctuations that are not captured by self-report, which urges reinterpretation of the significance ofDMN activity fluctuations in daily life and DMN disruption in disease.
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Growth Charting of Brain Connectivity Networks and the Identification of Attention Impairment in Youth.
TL;DR: This is the first demonstration that growth charting methods widely used to assess the development of physical or other biometric characteristics can be extended to development of functional brain networks to identify clinically relevant conditions, such as dysfunction of sustained attention.
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A methodology for assessing deployment trauma and its consequences in OEF/OIF/OND veterans: The TRACTS longitudinal prospective cohort study.
Regina E. McGlinchey,Regina E. McGlinchey,William P. Milberg,William P. Milberg,Jennifer R. Fonda,Catherine Fortier,Catherine Fortier +6 more
TL;DR: The TRACTS longitudinal cohort study is the first of its kind to comprehensively evaluate lifetime incidence of TBI and PTSD in these veterans, in addition to those incurred during military deployment.
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Methylphenidate Modulates Functional Network Connectivity to Enhance Attention.
Monica D. Rosenberg,Sheng Zhang,Wei-Ting Hsu,Dustin Scheinost,Emily S. Finn,Xilin Shen,R. Todd Constable,Chiang-Shan R. Li,Marvin M. Chun +8 more
TL;DR: Results suggest that methylphenidate acts by modulating strength in functional brain networks related to attention, and that changing whole-brain connectivity patterns may help improve attention.
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Subthreshold muscle twitches dissociate oscillatory neural signatures of conflicts from errors
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