Book ChapterDOI
IV The Orbital Angular Momentum of Light
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In this paper, the authors discuss the orbital angular momentum of light, outlines the theoretical basis for the orbital momentum of beams within the paraxial approximation, and indicates the unapproximated theory, based on the full set of Maxwell equations.Abstract:
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the orbital angular momentum of light, outlines the theoretical basis for the orbital angular momentum of beams within the paraxial approximation, and indicates the unapproximated theory, based on the full set of Maxwell equations. The chapter discusses the problems associated with the separation and identification of spin and orbital contributions to the angular momentum properties of a field, the properties of Laguerre–Gaussian beams, which are physically realizable in the laboratory, and the ways in which the beams may be generated. It reviews the phenomenological behavior of beams possessing orbital angular momentum and their interaction with matter in bulk. The chapter also describes the measurement of the rotational Doppler shift, which arises when beams possessing orbital and spin angular momenta are rotated. The dipole-interaction of atoms with the orbital angular momentum of light beams is considered. The roles of spin and orbital angular momentum are also compared and contrasted.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A revolution in optical manipulation
TL;DR: This research presents the next generation of single-beam optical traps, which promise to take optical tweezers out of the laboratory and into the mainstream of manufacturing and diagnostics and even become consumer products.
Journal ArticleDOI
Orbital angular momentum: origins, behavior and applications
Alison M. Yao,Miles J. Padgett +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that if every polarization vector rotates, the light has spin; if the phase structure rotates and if a light has orbital angular momentum (OAM), the light can be many times greater than the spin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Free-space information transfer using light beams carrying orbital angular momentum
Graham M. Gibson,Johannes Courtial,Miles J. Padgett,Mikhail V. Vasnetsov,V. A. Pas’ko,Stephen M. Barnett,Sonja Franke-Arnold +6 more
TL;DR: The transfer of information encoded as orbital angular momentum states of a light beam is demonstrated, which is resistant to eavesdropping and gives an experimental insight into the effects of aperturing and misalignment of the beam on the OAM measurement and demonstrates the uncertainty relationship for OAM.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optical spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in inhomogeneous anisotropic media
TL;DR: An optical process in which the spin angular momentum carried by a circularly polarized light beam is converted into orbital angular momentum, leading to the generation of helical modes with a wave-front helicity controlled by the input polarization is demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optical communications using orbital angular momentum beams
Alan E. Willner,Hao Huang,Yan Yan,Yongxiong Ren,Nisar Ahmed,Guodong Xie,Changjing Bao,Long Li,Yinwen Cao,Zhe Zhao,Jian Wang,Martin P. J. Lavery,Moshe Tur,Siddharth Ramachandran,Andreas F. Molisch,Nima Ashrafi,Solyman Ashrafi +16 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review recent progress in OAM beam generation/detection, multiplexing/demultiplexing, and its potential applications in different scenarios including free-space optical communications, fiber-optic communications, and RF communications.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes.
TL;DR: Laser light with a Laguerre-Gaussian amplitude distribution is found to have a well-defined orbital angular momentum and an astigmatic optical system may be used to transform a high-order LaguERre- Gaussian mode into aHigh-order Hermite-Gaussia mode reversibly.
Book
Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics
Leonard Mandel,Emil Wolf +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a systematic account of optical coherence theory within the framework of classical optics, as applied to such topics as radiation from sources of different states of coherence, foundations of radiometry, effects of source coherence on the spectra of radiated fields, and scattering of partially coherent light by random media.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles
TL;DR: Optical trapping of dielectric particles by a single-beam gradient force trap was demonstrated for the first reported time, confirming the concept of negative light pressure due to the gradient force.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
TL;DR: A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.