Journal ArticleDOI
Large-Scale Sequence Analysis of Avian Influenza Isolates
John C. Obenauer,Jackie Denson,Perdeep K. Mehta,Xiaoping Su,Suraj Mukatira,David B. Finkelstein,Xiequn Xu,Jinhua Wang,Jing Ma,Yiping Fan,Karen M. Rakestraw,Robert G. Webster,Robert G. Webster,Erich Hoffmann,Scott Krauss,Jie Zheng,Ziwei Zhang,Clayton W. Naeve,Clayton W. Naeve +18 more
TLDR
A preliminary analysis of the first large-scale sequencing of AIVs, including 2196 AIV genes and 169 complete genomes, is reported here to identify new gene alleles, persistent genotypes, compensatory mutations, and a potential virulence determinant.Abstract:
The spread of H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) from China to Europe has raised global concern about their potential to infect humans and cause a pandemic. In spite of their substantial threat to human health, remarkably little AIV whole-genome information is available. We report here a preliminary analysis of the first large-scale sequencing of AIVs, including 2196 AIV genes and 169 complete genomes. We combine this new information with public AIV data to identify new gene alleles, persistent genotypes, compensatory mutations, and a potential virulence determinant.read more
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Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic.
Gavin J. D. Smith,Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna,Justin Bahl,Samantha Lycett,Michael Worobey,Oliver G. Pybus,Siu Kit Ma,CL Cheung,Jayna Raghwani,Samir Bhatt,J. S. Malik Peiris,Yi Guan,Andrew Rambaut +12 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the new swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged in Mexico and the United States was derived from several viruses circulating in swine, and that the initial transmission to humans occurred several months before recognition of the outbreak.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia
Menno D. de Jong,Cameron P. Simmons,Tran Tan Thanh,Vo Minh Hien,Gavin J. D. Smith,Tran Nguyen Bich Chau,Dang Minh Hoang,Nguyen Van Vinh Chau,Truong Huu Khanh,Vo Cong Dong,Phan Tu Qui,Bach Van Cam,Do Quang Ha,Yi Guan,J. S. Malik Peiris,Nguyen Tran Chinh,Tran Tinh Hien,Jeremy Farrar +17 more
TL;DR: The observations indicate that high viral load, and the resulting intense inflammatory responses, are central to influenza H5N1 pathogenesis and the focus of clinical management should be on preventing this intense cytokine response, by early diagnosis and effective antiviral treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global patterns of influenza A virus in wild birds
Bjorn R. Olsen,Vincent J. Munster,Anders Wallensten,Jonas Waldenström,Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus,Ron A. M. Fouchier +5 more
TL;DR: Current knowledge on global patterns of influenza virus infections in wild birds is reviewed, these patterns are discussed in the context of host ecology and in particular birds' behavior, and some important gaps in current knowledge are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emergence and pandemic potential of swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus.
TL;DR: Efforts to control these outbreaks and real-time monitoring of the evolution of this virus should provide invaluable information to direct infectious disease control programmes and to improve understanding of the factors that determine viral pathogenicity and/or transmissibility.
Journal ArticleDOI
The multifunctional NS1 protein of influenza A viruses.
TL;DR: The basic biochemistry of NS1 is summarized, in particular its synthesis, structure, and intracellular localization, and the various roles NS1 has in regulating viral replication mechanisms, host innate/adaptive immune responses, and cellular signalling pathways are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
PAML: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood
TL;DR: The strength of PAML, in comparison with other phylogenetic packages currently available, is its implementation of a variety of evolutionary models, which include several models of variable evolutionary rates among sites, models for combined analyses of multiple gene sequence data and models for amino acid sequences.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recognition of unique carboxyl-terminal motifs by distinct PDZ domains
Zhou Songyang,Alan S. Fanning,C. Fu,Jian Xu,Shirin M. Marfatia,Athar H. Chishti,Anne M. Crompton,Andrew C. Chan,James M. Anderson,Lewis C. Cantley +9 more
TL;DR: On the basis of crystal structures of the PSD-95-3 PDZ domain, the specificities observed with the peptide library can be rationalized.
Journal ArticleDOI
PDZ Domains and the Organization of Supramolecular Complexes
Morgan Sheng,Carlo Sala +1 more
TL;DR: PDZ domains are modular protein interaction domains that bind in a sequence-specific fashion to short C-terminal peptides or internal peptides that fold in a beta-finger.
Journal ArticleDOI
A novel influenza A virus mitochondrial protein that induces cell death
Weisan Chen,Paul A. Calvo,Daniela Malide,James P. Gibbs,Ulrich Schubert,Igor Bacik,Sameh Basta,Robert E. O'Neill,Jeanne Schickli,Peter Palese,Peter Henklein,Jack R. Bennink,Jonathan W. Yewdell +12 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that PB1-F2 functions to kill host immune cells responding to influenza virus infection, and influenza viruses with targeted mutations that interfere with PB1/F2 expression induce less extensive apoptosis in human monocytic cells than those with intact PB1 -F2.