Journal ArticleDOI
Lead Quantification in Urine Samples of Athletes by Coupling DLLME with UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
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TLDR
The proposed method is a robust technique to quantify lead concentrations higher than 11.6 ng L−1 in urine samples and the accuracy was estimated using urine samples of cyclists as real samples and it was confirmed.Abstract:
Urine lead level is one of the most employed measures of lead exposure and risk. The urine samples used in this study were obtained from ten healthy male cyclists. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry was utilized for preconcentration, extraction, and determination of lead in urine samples. Optimization of the independent variables was carried out based on chemometric methods in three steps. According to the screening and optimization study, 133 μL of CCl4 (extracting solvent), 1.34 mL ethanol (dispersing solvent), pH 2.0, 0.00 % of salt, and 0.1 % O,O-diethyl dithiophosphoric (chelating agent) were used as the optimum independent variables for microextraction and determination of lead. Under the optimized conditions, R
2 was 0.9991, and linearity range was 0.01–100 μg L−1. Precision was evaluated in terms of repeatability and intermediate precision, with relative standard deviations being <9.1 and <15.3 %, respectively. The accuracy was estimated using urine samples of cyclists as real samples and it was confirmed. The relative error of ≤5 % was considered significant in the method specificity study. The lead concentration mean for the cyclists was 3.79 μg L−1 in urine samples. As a result, the proposed method is a robust technique to quantify lead concentrations higher than 11.6 ng L−1 in urine samples.read more
Citations
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Deep eutectic solvent-based headspace single-drop microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Determination of organic compounds in water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction
Mohammad Rezaee,Yaghoub Assadi,Mohammad Reza Milani Hosseini,Elham Aghaee,Fardin Ahmadi,Sana Berijani +5 more
TL;DR: The ability of DLLME technique in the extraction of other organic compounds such as organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides and substituted benzene compounds were studied.
Journal ArticleDOI
Harmonized guidelines for single-laboratory validation of methods of analysis (IUPAC Technical Report)
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of lead poisoning on the developing developing developing nervous system were investigated, including neurological, neurobehavioral, and developmental effects in children, and toxicity.
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Vinod P. Shah,Kamal K. Midha,Shrikant Dighe,Iain J. McGilveray,Jerome P. Skelly,Avraham Yacobi,Thomas Layloff,C. T. Viswanathan,C. Edgar Cook,R. D. McDowall,Kenneth A. Pittman,Sidney Spector +11 more
TL;DR: The report presents the assessment of the major agreements and issues discussed at the conference on analytical methods validation and provides guiding principles for validation of analytical methods used in bioavailability, bioequivalence, and pharmacokinetics studies in humans and animals.
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