Leishmania donovani-reactive Th1- and Th2-like T-cell clones from individuals who have recovered from visceral leishmaniasis.
Michael Kemp,Jørgen A. L. Kurtzhals,Klaus Bendtzen,Lars K. Poulsen,M B Hansen,D. K. Koech,Arsalan Kharazmi,Thor G. Theander +7 more
TLDR
The results suggest that in analogy with murine models, there is a dichotomy in the human T-cell response to L. donovani infections, where preferential activation of IL-4-producing Th2-like cells may be involved in the exacerbation of human VL, whereas activation of IFN-gamma- producing Th1 cells may protect the host from severe disease.Abstract:
Infections in humans by Leishmania donovani parasites can result in a fatal disease, visceral leishmaniasis (VL), or in a self-limiting asymptomatic infection. In murine models of the infection employing Leishmania major, the course of the disease can be directed into a VL-like syndrome by interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing Th2 cells, or cure may result by Th1 cells secreting gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). The present study examined the potential of human T cells to generate Th1 or Th2 responses to L. donovani. The profiles of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and lymphotoxin secretion after antigen stimulation were analyzed in a panel of L. donovani-reactive CD4+ human T-cell clones generated from individuals who had recovered from VL after antimonial treatment. Two of the T-cell clones produced large amounts of IL-4 without production of IFN-gamma, seven clones produced both IFN-gamma and IL-4, and eight produced only IFN-gamma. This is the first report of a Th1- and Th2-type response in human leishmaniasis. These results suggest that in analogy with murine models, there is a dichotomy in the human T-cell response to L. donovani infections. Preferential activation of IL-4-producing Th2-like cells may be involved in the exacerbation of human VL, whereas activation of IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells may protect the host from severe disease. Identification of leishmanial antigens activating one or the other type of T cells will be important in the development of vaccines against leishmaniasis.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: the first 10 years.
Jorge Alvar,Carmen Cañavate,Beatriz Gutiérrez-Solar,Maribel Jiménez,Fernando Laguna,Rogelio López-Vélez,Ricardo Molina,Javier Moreno +7 more
TL;DR: Over 850 Leishmania-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection cases have been recorded, the majority in Europe, where 7 to 17% of HIV-positive individuals with fever have amastigotes, suggesting that Leishmanniasis-infected individuals without symptoms will express symptoms of leishmaniasis if they become immunosuppressed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Type 1 and type 2 cytokine dysregulation in human infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory diseases.
TL;DR: Clinically, type 1 cytokine-predominant responses should be suspected in any delayed-type hypersensitivity-like granulomatous reactions and in infections with intracellular pathogens, whereas conditions involving hypergammaglobulinemia, increased immunoglobulin E levels, and/or eosinophilia are suggestive of type 2 cytokin- Predominant conditions.
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Leishmaniasis in Sudan. 3. Visceral leishmaniasis
E.E. Zijlstra,Ahmed M. Elhassan +1 more
TL;DR: Evaluation of diagnostic methods showed that parasitological diagnosis should still be the mainstay in diagnosis, with sensitivities for lymph node, bone marrow and spleen aspirates of 58%, 70% and 96%, respectively, and simple, cheap serological tests are needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellular and humoral immune responses in dogs experimentally and naturally infected with Leishmania infantum.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a number of immunological parameters for dogs with a chronic Leishmania infantum infection which exhibit patterns of progressive disease or apparent resistance, assessed by isolation of parasites, serum antibody titers to leishmania antigen, and development of clinical signs of leishmaniasis.
Book ChapterDOI
Leishmania and the leishmaniases: a parasite genetic update and advances in taxonomy, epidemiology and pathogenicity in humans.
TL;DR: The review aims to put current knowledge of Leishmania and the leishmaniases in perspective and to underline priority questions which 'leishmaniacs' must answer in various domains: epidemiology, population genetics, taxonomy and pathogenicity.
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New Perspectives on a Subclinical Form of Visceral Leishmaniasis
Roberto Badaró,T. C. Jones,Edgar M. Carvalho,Diana P. Sampaio,Steven G. Reed,Aldina Barral,R. Teixeira,Warren D. Johnson +7 more
TL;DR: During an epidemiological study of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic region of Brazil, new perspectives emerged on a subclinical form of the disease, where a group of 86 children with antibody to Leishmania were identified.