Low Loss Multi-Layer Wiring for Superconducting Microwave Devices
Andrew Dunsworth,Anthony Megrant,Rami Barends,Yu Chen,Zijun Chen,Ben Chiaro,Austin G. Fowler,Brooks Foxen,Evan Jeffrey,Julian Kelly,Paul V. Klimov,Erik Lucero,J. Mutus,Matthew Neeley,Charles Neill,C. Quintana,Pedram Roushan,Daniel Sank,Amit Vainsencher,James Wenner,Ted White,Hartmut Neven,John M. Martinis +22 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the structural benefits of inter-layer dielectrics during fabrication and post-fabrication mitigates the added capacitive loss of these airbridges were demonstrated.Abstract:
Complex integrated circuits require multiple wiring layers. In complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processing, these layers are robustly separated by amorphous dielectrics. These dielectrics would dominate energy loss in superconducting integrated circuits. Here we demonstrate a procedure that capitalizes on the structural benefits of inter-layer dielectrics during fabrication and mitigates the added loss. We separate and support multiple wiring layers throughout fabrication using SiO$_2$ scaffolding, then remove it post-fabrication. This technique is compatible with foundry level processing and the can be generalized to make many different forms of low-loss multi-layer wiring. We use this technique to create freestanding aluminum vacuum gap crossovers (airbridges). We characterize the added capacitive loss of these airbridges by connecting ground planes over microwave frequency $\lambda/4$ coplanar waveguide resonators and measuring resonator loss. We measure a low power resonator loss of $\sim 3.9 \times 10^{-8}$ per bridge, which is 100 times lower than dielectric supported bridges. We further characterize these airbridges as crossovers, control line jumpers, and as part of a coupling network in gmon and fuxmon qubits. We measure qubit characteristic lifetimes ($T_1$'s) in excess of 30 $\mu$s in gmon devices.read more
Citations
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Strong Quantum Computational Advantage Using a Superconducting Quantum Processor.
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Jonathan Burnett,Jonathan Burnett,Andreas Bengtsson,Marco Scigliuzzo,David Niepce,Marina Kudra,Per Delsing,Jonas Bylander +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the decoherence of transmon qubits is studied and the temporal stability of energy relaxation, dephasing, and qubit transition frequency is examined. But, the authors do not examine the reproducibility of qubit parameters, where these fluctuations could affect qubit gate fidelity.
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Encoding Electronic Spectra in Quantum Circuits with Linear T Complexity
Ryan Babbush,Craig Gidney,Dominic W. Berry,Nathan Wiebe,Jarrod R. McClean,Alexandru Paler,Austin G. Fowler,Hartmut Neven +7 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Encoding Electronic Spectra in Quantum Circuits with Linear T Complexity
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TL;DR: Compiling to surface code fault-tolerant gates and assuming per gate error rates of one part in a thousand reveals that one can error correct phase estimation on interesting instances of these problems beyond the current capabilities of classical methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Materials loss measurements using superconducting microwave resonators.
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TL;DR: An overview of considerations for designing accurate resonator experiments to characterize loss, including applicable types of losses, cryogenic setup, device design, and methods for extracting material and interface losses are provided, summarizing techniques that have been evolving for over two decades.
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Yu Chen,Charles Neill,Pedram Roushan,Nelson Leung,Michael Fang,Rami Barends,Julian Kelly,Brooks Campbell,Zijun Chen,Benjamin Chiaro,Andrew Dunsworth,Evan Jeffrey,A. Megrant,Josh Mutus,Peter O'Malley,Chris Quintana,Daniel Sank,Amit Vainsencher,James Wenner,Ted White,Michael R. Geller,Andrew Cleland,John M. Martinis +22 more
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