Metabolic and functional diversity of saponins, biosynthetic intermediates and semi-synthetic derivatives.
TLDR
The industrial uses and potential of saponins are discussed with respect to structure and activity, highlighting the undoubted value of these molecules as therapeutics.Abstract:
Saponins are widely distributed plant natural products with vast structural and functional diversity. They are typically composed of a hydrophobic aglycone, which is extensively decorated with functional groups prior to the addition of hydrophilic sugar moieties, to result in surface-active amphipathic compounds. The saponins are broadly classified as triterpenoids, steroids or steroidal glycoalkaloids, based on the aglycone structure from which they are derived. The saponins and their biosynthetic intermediates display a variety of biological activities of interest to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food sectors. Although their relevance in industrial applications has long been recognized, their role in plants is underexplored. Recent research on modulating native pathway flux in saponin biosynthesis has demonstrated the roles of saponins and their biosynthetic intermediates in plant growth and development. Here, we review the literature on the effects of these molecules on plant physiology, which collectively implicate them in plant primary processes. The industrial uses and potential of saponins are discussed with respect to structure and activity, highlighting the undoubted value of these molecules as therapeutics.read more
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The biological action of saponins in animal systems: a review
TL;DR: Saponins are steroid or triterpenoid glycosides, common in a large number of plants and plant products that are important in human and animal nutrition and they have also been found to significantly affect growth, feed intake and reproduction in animals.
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Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins.
TL;DR: Isolation studies of saponins were examined to determine which are the more commonly studied plant families and in which families saponin have been identified.
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Saponins: Properties, Applications and Processing
TL;DR: This review provides an update on the sources, properties, and applications of saponins with special focus on their extraction and purification, and is the recent literature on the effect of processing on saponin structure/properties and the extraction and Purification of sapogenins.
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Bardoxolone Methyl and Kidney Function in CKD with Type 2 Diabetes
Pablo E. Pergola,Philip Raskin,Robert D. Toto,Colin J. Meyer,J. Warren Huff,Eric Ben Grossman,Melissa Krauth,Stacey Ruiz,Paul Audhya,Heidi Christ-Schmidt,Janet Wittes,David G. Warnock +11 more
TL;DR: Bardoxolone methyl was associated with improvement in the estimated GFR in patients with advanced CKD and type 2 diabetes at 24 weeks, and the improvement persisted at 52 weeks, suggesting that bardoxlone methyl may have promise for the treatment of CKD.
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High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review
TL;DR: This review is mainly designed to cover the high-value components and bioactives as well as the multiple biological and therapeutic properties of sea cucumbers with regard to exploring their potential uses for functional foods and nutraceuticals.