Microbial biotransformation of DON: molecular basis for reduced toxicity
Alix Pierron,Sabria Mimoun,Leticia S. Murate,Leticia S. Murate,Nicolas Loiseau,Yannick Lippi,Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro Bracarense,Gerd Schatzmayr,Jian Wei He,Ting Zhou,Wulf-Dieter Moll,Isabelle P. Oswald +11 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that bacterial de-epoxidation or epimerization of DON altered their interaction with the ribosome, leading to an absence of MAPKinase activation and a reduced toxicity.Abstract:
Bacteria are able to de-epoxidize or epimerize deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin, to deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (deepoxy-DON or DOM-1) or 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON), respectively. Using different approaches, the intestinal toxicity of 3 molecules was compared and the molecular basis for the reduced toxicity investigated. In human intestinal epithelial cells, deepoxy-DON and 3-epi-DON were not cytotoxic, did not change the oxygen consumption or impair the barrier function. In intestinal explants, exposure for 4 hours to 10 μM DON induced intestinal lesions not seen in explants treated with deepoxy-DON and 3-epi-DON. A pan-genomic transcriptomic analysis was performed on intestinal explants. 747 probes, representing 323 genes, were differentially expressed, between DON-treated and control explants. By contrast, no differentially expressed genes were observed between control, deepoxy-DON and 3-epi-DON treated explants. Both DON and its biotransformation products were able to fit into the pockets of the A-site of the ribosome peptidyl transferase center. DON forms three hydrogen bonds with the A site and activates MAPKinases (mitogen-activated protein kinases). By contrast deepoxy-DON and 3-epi-DON only form two hydrogen bonds and do not activate MAPKinases. Our data demonstrate that bacterial de-epoxidation or epimerization of DON altered their interaction with the ribosome, leading to an absence of MAPKinase activation and a reduced toxicity.read more
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Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed
Helle Katrine Knutsen,Jan Alexander,Lars Barregård,Margherita Bignami,Beat Johannes Brüschweiler,Sandra Ceccatelli,Bruce Cottrill,Michael Dinovi,Bettina Grasl-Kraupp,Christer Hogstrand,Laurentius Hoogenboom,Carlo Nebbia,Isabelle P Oswald,Annette Petersen,Martin Rose,Alain-Claude Roudot,Tanja Schwerdtle,Christiane Vleminckx,Günter Vollmer,Heather M. Wallace,Sarah De Saeger,Gunnar Sundstøl Eriksen,Peter B. Farmer,Jean-Marc Fremy,Yun Yun Gong,Karsten Meyer,Hanspeter Naegeli,Dominique Parent-Massin,Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens,Hans P. van Egmond,Andrea Altieri,Mari Eskola,Petra Gergelova,Luisa Ramos Bordajandi,Bistra Benkova,Barbara Dörr,Athanasios Gkrillas,Nicklas Gustavsson,Mathijs van Manen,Lutz Edler +39 more
TL;DR: The estimated mean chronic dietary exposure was above the group‐TDI in infants, toddlers and other children, and at high exposure also in adolescents and adults, indicating a potential health concern.
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Toxicology of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms
Delphine Payros,Imourana Alassane-Kpembi,Alix Pierron,Nicolas Loiseau,Philippe Pinton,Isabelle P. Oswald +5 more
TL;DR: The toxic effects of deoxynivalenol include emesis and anorexia, alteration of intestinal and immune functions, reduced absorption of the nutrients as well as increased susceptibility to infection and chronic diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of mycotoxins on the intestine: are mucus and microbiota new targets?
Hervé Robert,Delphine Payros,Philippe Pinton,Vassilia Theodorou,Muriel Mercier-Bonin,Isabelle P. Oswald +5 more
TL;DR: Mucus and microbiota are key targets for dietary mycotoxins although assessment of induced effects is preliminary, and Evaluation of the mycotoxin/mucus interplay considering other indicators such as composition, thickness, and penetrability of mucus, mucin O-glycosylation thus warrants further attention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mycotoxin Biotransformation by Native and Commercial Enzymes: Present and Future Perspectives
TL;DR: This review focuses on the biotransformation of mycotoxins performed with purified enzymes isolated from bacteria, fungi and plants, whose activity was validated in in vitro and in vivo assays, including patented ones and commercial preparations.
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Progressive northward growth of the northern Qilian Shan-Hexi Corridor (northeastern Tibet) during the Cenozoic
Dewen Zheng,Weitao Wang,Jinglin Wan,Daoyang Yuan,Chunru Liu,Wenjun Zheng,Wenjun Zheng,Huiping Zhang,Jianzhang Pang,Peizhen Zhang,Peizhen Zhang +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employ apatite fission track chronology and geological mapping to reveal the time and pattern of the deformation along the Qilian Shan (northern Tibetan Plateau) play a central role in understanding the dynamics of outward and upward growth of Tibet due to sustained convergence of the Indian and Asian plates.
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