Modeling the status, trends, and impacts of wild bee abundance in the United States
Insu Koh,Eric V. Lonsdorf,Neal M. Williams,Claire Brittain,Rufus Isaacs,Jason Gibbs,Taylor H. Ricketts +6 more
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A spatial habitat model, national land-cover data, and carefully quantified expert knowledge are used to estimate wild bee abundance and associated uncertainty, and it is found that the crops most highly dependent on pollinators tend to experience more severe mismatches between declining supply and increasing demand.Abstract:
Wild bees are highly valuable pollinators. Along with managed honey bees, they provide a critical ecosystem service by ensuring stable pollination to agriculture and wild plant communities. Increasing concern about the welfare of both wild and managed pollinators, however, has prompted recent calls for national evaluation and action. Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we assess the status and trends of wild bees and their potential impacts on pollination services across the coterminous United States. We use a spatial habitat model, national land-cover data, and carefully quantified expert knowledge to estimate wild bee abundance and associated uncertainty. Between 2008 and 2013, modeled bee abundance declined across 23% of US land area. This decline was generally associated with conversion of natural habitats to row crops. We identify 139 counties where low bee abundances correspond to large areas of pollinator-dependent crops. These areas of mismatch between supply (wild bee abundance) and demand (cultivated area) for pollination comprise 39% of the pollinator-dependent crop area in the United States. Further, we find that the crops most highly dependent on pollinators tend to experience more severe mismatches between declining supply and increasing demand. These trends, should they continue, may increase costs for US farmers and may even destabilize crop production over time. National assessments such as this can help focus both scientific and political efforts to understand and sustain wild bees. As new information becomes available, repeated assessments can update findings, revise priorities, and track progress toward sustainable management of our nation's pollinators.read more
Citations
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Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review of 73 historical reports of insect declines from across the globe, and systematically assess the underlying drivers of insect extinction, reveals dramatic rates of decline that may lead to the extinction of 40% of the world's insect species over the next few decades.
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Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being
Simon G. Potts,Vera Lúcia Imperatriz-Fonseca,Hien T. Ngo,Marcelo A. Aizen,Jacobus C. Biesmeijer,Jacobus C. Biesmeijer,Tom D. Breeze,Lynn V. Dicks,Lucas Alejandro Garibaldi,Rosemary Hill,Josef Settele,Adam J. Vanbergen +11 more
TL;DR: There are well-documented declines in some wild and managed pollinators in several regions of the world, however, many effective policy and management responses can be implemented to safeguard pollinators and sustain pollination services.
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Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change
Sandra Díaz,Josef Settele,Josef Settele,Eduardo S. Brondizio,Hien T. Ngo,John Agard,Almut Arneth,Patricia Balvanera,Kate A. Brauman,Stuart H. M. Butchart,Stuart H. M. Butchart,Kai M. A. Chan,Lucas Alejandro Garibaldi,Kazuhito Ichii,Kazuhito Ichii,Jianguo Liu,Suneetha M. Subramanian,Suneetha M. Subramanian,Guy F. Midgley,Patricia Miloslavich,Patricia Miloslavich,Zsolt Molnár,David Obura,Alexander Pfaff,Stephen Polasky,Andy Purvis,Andy Purvis,Jona Razzaque,Belinda Reyers,Belinda Reyers,Rinku Roy Chowdhury,Yunne-Jai Shin,Yunne-Jai Shin,Ingrid J. Visseren-Hamakers,Ingrid J. Visseren-Hamakers,Katherine J. Willis,Katherine J. Willis,Cynthia N. Zayas +37 more
TL;DR: The first integrated global-scale intergovernmental assessment of the status, trends, and future of the links between people and nature provides an unprecedented picture of the extent of the authors' mutual dependence, the breadth and depth of the ongoing and impending crisis, and the interconnectedness among sectors and regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Designing agricultural landscapes for biodiversity-based ecosystem services
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose that the loss of ecosystem services due to landscape simplification can only be addressed by a concerted effort to fundamentally redesign agricultural landscapes, which will require that scientists work with stakeholders to determine the mix of desired ecosystem services, evaluate current landscape structure in light of those goals and implement targeted modifications to achieve them.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global modeling of nature’s contributions to people
Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer,Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer,Richard Sharp,Charlotte Weil,Elena M. Bennett,Unai Pascual,Unai Pascual,Unai Pascual,Katie K. Arkema,Katie K. Arkema,Kate A. Brauman,Benjamin P. Bryant,Anne D. Guerry,Anne D. Guerry,Nick M. Haddad,Maike Hamann,Perrine Hamel,Justin A. Johnson,Lisa Mandle,Henrique M. Pereira,Henrique M. Pereira,Stephen Polasky,Mary Ruckelshaus,Mary Ruckelshaus,M. Rebecca Shaw,Jessica M. Silver,Jessica M. Silver,Adrian L. Vogl,Gretchen C. Daily +28 more
TL;DR: It is found that where people's needs for nature are now greatest, nature’s ability to meet those needs is declining, and up to 5 billion people face higher water pollution and insufficient pollination for nutrition under future scenarios of land use and climate change, particularly in Africa and South Asia.
References
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Alexandra-Maria Klein,Bernard E. Vaissière,James H. Cane,Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter,Saul A. Cunningham,Claire Kremen,Teja Tscharntke +6 more
TL;DR: It is found that fruit, vegetable or seed production from 87 of the leading global food crops is dependent upon animal pollination, while 28 crops do not rely upon animalPollination, however, global production volumes give a contrasting perspective.
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TL;DR: The nature and extent of reported declines, and the potential drivers of pollinator loss are described, including habitat loss and fragmentation, agrochemicals, pathogens, alien species, climate change and the interactions between them are reviewed.
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The Bees of the World
TL;DR: This extensive update of his definitive reference, Charles D. Michener reveals a diverse fauna that numbers more than 17,000 species and ranges from the common honeybee to rare bees that feed on the pollen of a single type of plant.
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