Nanocellulose for Industrial Use: Cellulose Nanofibers (CNF), Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC), and Bacterial Cellulose (BC)

TLDR: In this paper, the properties of CNF, CNC and BC (aspect ratio, mechanical strength, elastic modulus and thermal stability, high surface area, low density and oxygen permeability) are described.

Abstract: Nanocellulose materials have emerged as a new family of nanomaterials of great interest. That is due to their environmental advantages, including their production from renewable resources, their biodegradability, biocompatibility and their high potential availability. The production processes and the properties of CNF, CNC and BC (aspect ratio, mechanical strength, elastic modulus and thermal stability, high surface area, low density and oxygen permeability, etc) will be described in detailed. Their potential applications in relation to their properties will be mentioned in general terms as an introduction to the specific applications described in the other sections (e.g. papermaking, composites, packaging, electronic devices, coatings, biomedicine, automotive, etc). The description could be focussed on the traditional and emerging trends for their production, their characterization and the quality demanded for the final applications.