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Journal ArticleDOI

Neuronlike adaptive elements that can solve difficult learning control problems

TLDR
In this article, a system consisting of two neuron-like adaptive elements can solve a difficult learning control problem, where the task is to balance a pole that is hinged to a movable cart by applying forces to the cart base.
Abstract
It is shown how a system consisting of two neuronlike adaptive elements can solve a difficult learning control problem. The task is to balance a pole that is hinged to a movable cart by applying forces to the cart's base. It is argued that the learning problems faced by adaptive elements that are components of adaptive networks are at least as difficult as this version of the pole-balancing problem. The learning system consists of a single associative search element (ASE) and a single adaptive critic element (ACE). In the course of learning to balance the pole, the ASE constructs associations between input and output by searching under the influence of reinforcement feedback, and the ACE constructs a more informative evaluation function than reinforcement feedback alone can provide. The differences between this approach and other attempts to solve problems using neurolike elements are discussed, as is the relation of this work to classical and instrumental conditioning in animal learning studies and its possible implications for research in the neurosciences.

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Citations
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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Comparison of reinforcement learning algorithms applied to the cart-pole problem

TL;DR: RL algorithms such as temporal-difference, policy-gradient actorcritic, and value-function approximation are compared in this context with the standard linear quadratic regulator solution and a novel approach for integrating RL and swing-up controllers is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Reinforcement learning approach to goal-regulation in a self-evolutionary manufacturing system

TL;DR: A goal-regulation mechanism that applies a reinforcement learning approach, which is a principal working mechanism for autonomous goal-formation, is proposed and validated by a simulation study on a production planning problem.
Journal ArticleDOI

An artificial intelligence approach for optimizing pumping in sewer systems

TL;DR: In this paper, a fuzzy logic system was developed for the control of sewer pumping stations for energy costs savings, which is part of an ongoing collaborative project between Anglian Water and the University of Sheffield.
Dissertation

Reinforcement Learning in Continuous State- and Action-Space

TL;DR: This thesis investigates methods to select the optimal action when artificial neural networks are used to approximate the value function, through the application of numerical optimization techniques and proposes two novel algorithms which are based on the applications of two alternative action selection methods.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Using associative content-addressable memories to control robots

TL;DR: In this paper, the use of an associative content-addressable memory to model a robot and the world the robot interacts with is discussed, where the model can be learned by storing experiences in the memory.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex

TL;DR: This method is used to examine receptive fields of a more complex type and to make additional observations on binocular interaction and this approach is necessary in order to understand the behaviour of individual cells, but it fails to deal with the problem of the relationship of one cell to its neighbours.
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A Theory of Cerebellar Cortex

TL;DR: A detailed theory of cerebellar cortex is proposed whose consequence is that the cerebellum learns to perform motor skills and two forms of input—output relation are described, both consistent with the cortical theory.
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Receptive fields and functional architecture in two nonstriate visual areas (18 and 19) of the cat.

TL;DR: To UNDERSTAND VISION in physiological terms represents a formidable problem for the biologist, and one approach is to stimulate the retina with patterns of light while recording from single cells or fibers at various points along the visual pathway.
Journal ArticleDOI

Toward a modern theory of adaptive networks: Expectation and prediction.

TL;DR: The adaptive element presented learns to increase its response rate in anticipation of increased stimulation, producing a conditioned response before the occurrence of the unconditioned stimulus, and is in strong agreement with the behavioral data regarding the effects of stimulus context.
Journal ArticleDOI

Steps toward Artificial Intelligence

TL;DR: The problems of heuristic programming can be divided into five main areas: Search, Pattern-Recognition, Learning, Planning, and Induction as discussed by the authors, and the most successful heuristic (problem-solving) programs constructed to date.