NMR of α‐synuclein–polyamine complexes elucidates the mechanism and kinetics of induced aggregation
Claudio O. Fernández,Wolfgang Hoyer,Markus Zweckstetter,Elizabeth A. Jares-Erijman,Vinod Subramaniam,Christian Griesinger,Thomas M. Jovin +6 more
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TLDR
It is concluded that the C‐terminal domain acts as a regulator of α‐synuclein aggregation and is correlated with increased affinity and enhancement of fibrillation, for which a simple kinetic mechanism involving a dimeric nucleation center is proposed.Abstract:
The aggregation of α-synuclein is characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative synucleinopathies. The 140-aa protein is natively unstructured; thus, ligands binding to the monomeric form are of therapeutic interest. Biogenic polyamines promote the aggregation of α-synuclein and may constitute endogenous agents modulating the pathogenesis of PD. We characterized the complexes of natural and synthetic polyamines with α-synuclein by NMR and assigned the binding site to C-terminal residues 109–140. Dissociation constants were derived from chemical shift perturbations. Greater polyamine charge (+2 → +5) correlated with increased affinity and enhancement of fibrillation, for which we propose a simple kinetic mechanism involving a dimeric nucleation center. According to the analysis, polyamines increase the extent of nucleation by ~$10^4$ and the rate of monomer addition ~40-fold. Significant secondary structure is not induced in monomeric α-synuclein by polyamines at 15°C. Instead, NMR reveals changes in a region (aa 22–93) far removed from the polyamine binding site and presumed to adopt the β-sheet conformation characteristic of fibrillar α-synuclein. We conclude that the C-terminal domain acts as a regulator of α-synuclein aggregation.read more
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Protein Misfolding, Functional Amyloid, and Human Disease
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EGCG redirects amyloidogenic polypeptides into unstructured, off-pathway oligomers.
Dagmar E. Ehrnhoefer,Jan Bieschke,Annett Boeddrich,Martin Herbst,Laura Masino,Rudi Lurz,Sabine Engemann,Annalisa Pastore,Erich E. Wanker +8 more
TL;DR: Redirection of amyloid fibril formation through the action of a small molecule is demonstrated, resulting in off-pathway, highly stable oligomers, suggesting a generic effect on aggregation pathways in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Structure and Dynamics of Micelle-bound Human α-Synuclein
TL;DR: The well ordered conformation of the helix-helix connector indicates a defined interaction with lipidic surfaces, suggesting that, when bound to larger diameter synaptic vesicles, it can act as a switch between this structure and a previously proposed uninterrupted helix.
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Release of long-range tertiary interactions potentiates aggregation of natively unstructured α-synuclein
Carlos W. Bertoncini,Young-Sang Jung,Claudio O. Fernández,Wolfgang Hoyer,Christian Griesinger,Thomas M. Jovin,Markus Zweckstetter +6 more
TL;DR: Stabilization of the native, autoinhibitory structure of alphaS constitutes a potential strategy for reducing or inhibiting oligomerization and aggregation in Parkinson's disease.
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