Of bowels, brain and behavior: A role for the gut microbiota in psychiatric comorbidities in irritable bowel syndrome.
Lars Wilmes,James M. Collins,Kenneth J. O’Riordan,Siobhain M. O'Mahony,John F. Cryan,Gerard Clarke +5 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors highlight common and disparate features of these microbial signatures as well as the associated gut-brain axis signalling pathways, and highlight the potential for therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota as a valuable strategy for the management of comorbid psychiatric symptoms in IBS.Abstract:
Background The gastrointestinal microbiota has emerged as a key regulator of gut-brain axis signalling with important implications for neurogastroenterology. There is continuous bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain facilitated by neuronal, endocrine, metabolic, and immune pathways. The microbiota influences these signalling pathways via several mechanisms. Studies have shown compositional and functional alterations in the gut microbiota in stress-related psychiatric disorders. Gut microbiota reconfigurations are also a feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a gut-brain axis disorder sharing high levels of psychiatric comorbidity including both anxiety and depression. It remains unclear how the gut microbiota alterations in IBS align with both core symptoms and these psychiatric comorbidities. Methods In this review, we highlight common and disparate features of these microbial signatures as well as the associated gut-brain axis signalling pathways. Studies suggest that patients with either IBS, depression or anxiety, alone or comorbid, present with alterations in gut microbiota composition and harbor immune, endocrine, and serotonergic system alterations relevant to the common pathophysiology of these comorbid conditions. Key results Research has illustrated the utility of fecal microbiota transplantation in animal models, expanding the evidence base for a potential causal role of disorder-specific gut microbiota compositions in symptom set expression. Moreover, an exciting study by Constante and colleagues in this issue highlights the possibility of counteracting this microbiota-associated aberrant behavioral phenotype with a probiotic yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745. Conclusions and inferences Such data highlights the potential for therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota as a valuable strategy for the management of comorbid psychiatric symptoms in IBS.read more
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Roles and Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease.
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes the alterations in the gut microbiota in patients with Alzheimer's disease, the pathogenetic roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota, and gut microbiota-targeted therapies for AD.
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Dietary polyphenols: regulate the advanced glycation end products-RAGE axis and the microbiota-gut-brain axis to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
TL;DR: Polyphenols with multiple hydroxyl groups showed a powerful ability to scavenge ROS and capture α-dicarbonyl species, which led to the formation of mono- and di- adducts, thereby inhibiting AGEs formation.
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Estrous cycle and ovariectomy-induced changes in visceral pain are microbiota-dependent.
Mónica Tramullas,James M. Collins,Patrick Fitzgerald,Timothy G. Dinan,Siobhain M. O' Mahony,John F. Cryan +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, female germ-free mice have similar visceral pain responses to colorectal distension (CRD) as their conventional controls, while sensitivity to CRD is estrous cycle stage-dependent in conventional mice, it is not in germ free mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the duodenal microbiota in functional dyspepsia
Georgia Brown,Emily C. Hoedt,Simon Keely,Ayesha Haleem Shah,Marjorie M. Walker,Gerald Holtmann,Nicholas J. Talley +6 more
TL;DR: Emerging research suggests the mechanisms of influence of small intestinal flora on gastrointestinal function and symptomatology inFunctional dyspepsia are likely multifactorial and heterogenous among patient subgroups.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of the gut microbiota among Veterans with unique military-related exposures and high prevalence of chronic health conditions: A United States-Veteran Microbiome Project (US-VMP) study
Maggie A. Stanislawski,Maggie A. Stanislawski,Christopher E. Stamper,Christopher E. Stamper,Kelly A. Stearns-Yoder,Kelly A. Stearns-Yoder,Andrew J. Hoisington,Diana P. Brostow,Jeri E. Forster,Jeri E. Forster,Teodor T. Postolache,Christopher A. Lowry,Lisa A. Brenner +12 more
TL;DR: For example, the authors found significant associations between the gut microbiota composition and symptoms of severe depression based on the Beck Depression Inventory, stimulant and opioid use disorders, beta-blockers, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, diabetes medications, and proton pump inhibitors.
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