Journal ArticleDOI
Optogenetics in Freely Moving Mammals: Dopamine and Reward
Feng Zhang,Hsing-Chen Tsai,Raag D. Airan,Garret D. Stuber,Antoine Roger Adamantidis,Luis de Lecea,Antonello Bonci,Karl Deisseroth +7 more
TLDR
This introduction describes the experimental setup and protocol for integrating optogenetic modulation of dopamine neurons with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, conditioned place preference, and operant conditioning to assess the causal role of well-defined electrical and biochemical signals in reward-related behavior.Abstract:
Brain reward systems play a central role in the cognitive and hedonic behaviors of mammals. Multiple neuron types and brain regions are involved in reward processing, posing fascinating scientific questions, and major experimental challenges. Using diverse approaches including genetics, electrophysiology, imaging, and behavioral analysis, a large body of research has focused on both normal functioning of the reward circuitry and on its potential significance in neuropsychiatric diseases. In this introduction, we illustrate a real-world application of optogenetics to mammalian behavior and physiology, delineating procedures and technologies for optogenetic control of individual components of the reward circuitry. We describe the experimental setup and protocol for integrating optogenetic modulation of dopamine neurons with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, conditioned place preference, and operant conditioning to assess the causal role of well-defined electrical and biochemical signals in reward-related behavior.read more
Citations
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Multimodal fast optical interrogation of neural circuitry
Feng Zhang,Liping Wang,Martin Brauner,Jana F. Liewald,Kenneth Kay,Natalie Watzke,Phillip G. Wood,Ernst Bamberg,Georg Nagel,Alexander Gottschalk,Karl Deisseroth +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an archaeal light-driven chloride pump (NpHR) was developed for temporally precise optical inhibition of neural activity, allowing either knockout of single action potentials, or sustained blockade of spiking.
Journal ArticleDOI
VTA dopaminergic neurons regulate ethologically relevant sleep–wake behaviors
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that VTA dopaminergic neurons are necessary for arousal and that their inhibition suppresses wakefulness, even in the face of ethologically relevant salient stimuli.
Journal ArticleDOI
Architectural Representation of Valence in the Limbic System
TL;DR: This review focuses upon recent work examining the mechanisms of valence encoding, and provides a model for the systematic investigation ofValence within anatomically-, genetically-, and functionally defined populations of neurons.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dopamine homeostasis: brain functional connectivity in reward deficiency syndrome.
Marcelo Febo,Kenneth Blum,Rajendra D Badgaiyan,David Baron,Panayotis K. Thanos,Luis M. Colon-Perez,Zsolt Demortrovics,Mark S. Gold +7 more
TL;DR: It is hypothesize in the present review that loss of homeostasis of these systems may lead to 'unbalanced' functional networks that might be both cause and outcome of disrupted synaptic communication between cortical and subcortical systems essential for controlling reward, emotional control, sensation seeking, and chronic drug use.
Journal ArticleDOI
PNOCARC neurons promote hyperphagia and obesity upon high-fat-diet feeding
Alexander Jais,Alexander Jais,Lars Paeger,Tamara Sotelo-Hitschfeld,Tamara Sotelo-Hitschfeld,Stephan Bremser,Melanie Prinzensteiner,Melanie Prinzensteiner,Paul Klemm,Paul Klemm,Vasyl Mykytiuk,Pia J.M. Widdershooven,Pia J.M. Widdershooven,Anna Juliane Vesting,Anna Juliane Vesting,Katarzyna Grzelka,Marielle Minére,Anna Lena Cremer,Jie Xu,Tatiana Korotkova,Bradford B. Lowell,Bradford B. Lowell,Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer,Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer,Heiko Backes,Henning Fenselau,F. Thomas Wunderlich,F. Thomas Wunderlich,Peter Kloppenburg,Jens C. Brüning,Jens C. Brüning +30 more
TL;DR: Calorie-rich diets induce hyperphagia and promote obesity, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined, and PNOCARC neurons are characterized as a novel ARC neuron population activated upon palatable food consumption to promote hyperphags.
References
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Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors adapted the naturally occurring algal protein Channelrhodopsin-2, a rapidly gated light-sensitive cation channel, by using lentiviral gene delivery in combination with high-speed optical switching to photostimulate mammalian neurons.
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Jessica A. Cardin,Marie Carlén,Marie Carlén,Konstantinos Meletis,Konstantinos Meletis,Ulf Knoblich,Feng Zhang,Karl Deisseroth,Li-Huei Tsai,Li-Huei Tsai,Li-Huei Tsai,Christopher I. Moore +11 more
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Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit performance
TL;DR: Optogenetics opens the door to a new kind of informational analysis of brain function, permitting quantitative delineation of the functional significance of individual elements in the emergent operation and function of intact neural circuitry.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multimodal fast optical interrogation of neural circuitry
Feng Zhang,Liping Wang,Martin Brauner,Jana F. Liewald,Kenneth Kay,Natalie Watzke,Phillip G. Wood,Ernst Bamberg,Ernst Bamberg,Georg Nagel,Alexander Gottschalk,Karl Deisseroth +11 more
TL;DR: An archaeal light-driven chloride pump from Natronomonas pharaonis is identified and developed for temporally precise optical inhibition of neural activity and forms a complete system for multimodal, high-speed, genetically targeted, all-optical interrogation of living neural circuits.
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