Perception of low red:far-red ratio compromises both salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-dependent pathogen defences in Arabidopsis.
Mieke de Wit,Steven H. Spoel,Gabino F. Sanchez-Perez,Charlotte M. M. Gommers,Corné M. J. Pieterse,Laurentius A. C. J. Voesenek,Ronald Pierik +6 more
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It is shown that both salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) disease resistance is inhibited by a simultaneously reduced red:far-red light ratio (R:FR), the early warning signal for plant competition.Abstract:
In dense stands of plants, such as agricultural monocultures, plants are exposed simultaneously to competition for light and other stresses such as pathogen infection. Here, we show that both salicylic acid (SA)-dependent and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent disease resistance is inhibited by a simultaneously reduced red:far-red light ratio (R:FR), the early warning signal for plant competition. Conversely, SA- and JA-dependent induced defences did not affect shade-avoidance responses to low R:FR. Reduced pathogen resistance by low R:FR was accompanied by a strong reduction in the regulation of JA- and SA-responsive genes. The severe inhibition of SA-responsive transcription in low R:FR appeared to be brought about by the repression of SA-inducible kinases. Phosphorylation of the SA-responsive transcription co-activator NPR1, which is required for full induction of SA-responsive transcription, was indeed reduced and may thus play a role in the suppression of SA-mediated defences by low R:FR-mediated phytochrome inactivation. Our results indicate that foraging for light through the shade-avoidance response is prioritised over plant immune responses when plants are simultaneously challenged with competition and pathogen attack.read more
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Growth-defense tradeoffs in plants: a balancing act to optimize fitness.
TL;DR: Evidence supporting the growth-defense tradeoff concept is addressed, as well as known interactions between defense signaling and growth signaling, which should provide a foundation for the development of breeding strategies to maximize crop yield to meet rising global food and biofuel demands.
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Light regulation of plant defense.
TL;DR: The discovery of connections between photoreceptors and defense signaling is revealing novel mechanisms that control key resource allocation decisions in plant canopies.
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Trade-Offs Between Plant Growth and Defense Against Insect Herbivory: An Emerging Mechanistic Synthesis
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TL;DR: A unifying framework for growth-defense trade-offs is proposed as a means to study the plant's allocation of limiting resources and the diversity of selective pressures on plants often favors negative correlations at intermediate trait levels.
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The shade‐avoidance syndrome: multiple signals and ecological consequences
Carlos L. Ballaré,Ronald Pierik +1 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that it might be possible to improve crop health at high planting densities by targeting links between phyB and JA signalling, in particular salicylic acid and jasmonic acid.
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Light signaling and plant responses to blue and UV radiations—Perspectives for applications in horticulture
Lydie Huché-Thélier,Laurent Crespel,José Gentilhomme-Le Gourrierec,Philippe Morel,Soulaiman Sakr,Nathalie Leduc +5 more
TL;DR: An overview of UV- and blue-radiations signaling pathways in some key physiological processes is presented and effects of plant exposure to these wavelengths on phenotype as well as on contents in useful metabolites and resistance to bio aggressors are described.
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