Journal ArticleDOI
Perinatal supply and metabolism of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: importance for the early development of the nervous system.
TLDR
It is concluded that LC‐PUFA are conditionally essential substrates during early life that are related to the quality of growth and development and a dietary supply during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood that avoids the occurrence of LC‐ PUFA depletion is desirable.Abstract:
The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential structural lipid components of biomembranes During pregnancy, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are preferentially transferred from mother to fetus across the placenta This placental transfer is mediated by specific fatty acid binding and transfer proteins After birth, preterm and full-term babies are capable of converting linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids into AA and DHA, respectively, as demonstrated by studies using stable isotopes, but the activity of this endogenous LC-PUFA synthesis is very low Breast milk provides preformed LC-PUFA, and breast-fed infants have higher LC-PUFA levels in plasma and tissue phospholipids than infants fed conventional formulas Supplementation of formulas with different sources of LC-PUFA can normalize LC-PUFA status in the recipient infants relative to reference groups fed human milk Some, but not all, randomized, double-masked placebo-controlled clinical trials in preterm and healthy full-term infants demonstrated benefits of formula supplementation with DHA and AA for development of visual acuity up to 1 year of age and of complex neural and cognitive functions From the available data, we conclude that LC-PUFA are conditionally essential substrates during early life that are related to the quality of growth and development Therefore, a dietary supply during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood that avoids the occurrence of LC-PUFA depletion is desirable, as was recently recommended by an expert consensus workshop of the Child Health Foundationread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Temporal changes in dietary fats: role of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in excessive adipose tissue development and relationship to obesity.
Gérard Ailhaud,Florence Massiera,Pierre Weill,Philippe Legrand,Jean-Marc Alessandri,Philippe Guesnet +5 more
TL;DR: Changes over decades in the intake of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs, with a striking increase in the linoleic acid/alpha-linolenic ratio, are observed in adults and are associated with an increase of fat consumption over the last 40 years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Public health and economic consequences of methyl mercury toxicity to the developing brain.
TL;DR: It is found that between 316,588 and 637,233 children each year have cord blood mercury levels > 5.8 μg/L, a level associated with loss of IQ, and the resulting loss of intelligence causes diminished economic productivity that persists over the entire lifetime of these children.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on brain gene expression
Klára Kitajka,Andrew J. Sinclair,Richard S. Weisinger,Harrison S. Weisinger,Michael L. Mathai,Anura P. Jayasooriya,Anura P. Jayasooriya,John E. Halver,László G. Puskás +8 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that PUFA-enriched diets lead to significant changes in expression of several genes in the central nervous tissue, and these effects appear to be mainly independent of their effects on membrane composition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Composition, Structure and Absorption of Milk Lipids: A Source of Energy, Fat-Soluble Nutrients and Bioactive Molecules
J. Bruce German,Cora J. Dillard +1 more
TL;DR: The cholesterol-modifying response of individuals to consuming saturated fats is also variable, and therefore the composition, functions and biological properties of milkfat will need to be re- evaluated as the food marketplace moves increasingly towards more personalized diets.
Journal ArticleDOI
A simplified and efficient method for the analysis of fatty acid methyl esters suitable for large clinical studies
TL;DR: Fast GC analysis was adapted to human plasma FAME analysis using a modified polyethylene glycol column with smaller internal diameters, thinner stationary phase films, increased carrier gas linear velocity, and faster temperature ramping, indicating that fast GC analyses were comparable to conventional GC in peak resolution.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The essentiality of long chain n-3 fatty acids in relation to development and function of the brain and retina.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cloning of a rat adipocyte membrane protein implicated in binding or transport of long-chain fatty acids that is induced during preadipocyte differentiation. Homology with human CD36.
TL;DR: The data suggest that FAT and CD36 belong to a family of proteins that bind/transport long-chain fatty acids or function as regulators of these processes.
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Mechanisms of action of docosahexaenoic acid in the nervous system
TL;DR: Through its effects on PS, DHA may play an important role in the regulation of cell signaling and in cell proliferation, and progress has been made recently in nuclear magnetic responance studies to delineate differences in molecular structure and order in biomembranes due to subtle changes in the degree of phospholipid unsaturation.
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Expression cloning and characterization of a novel adipocyte long chain fatty acid transport protein.
TL;DR: Immunocytochemistry and subcellular fractionation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes show that FATP is localized to the plasma membrane, and it is proposed thatfatP is a plasma membrane transporter for LCFAs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metabolism of highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids.
TL;DR: It has now been established that the synthesis of 22-carbon acids with their ¢rst double bond at position 4 requires an acyl-CoA-dependent v4 desaturase.