Journal ArticleDOI
Phase change materials integrated in building walls: A state of the art review
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TLDR
In this article, an extensive review on the incorporation of PCM into construction materials and elements by direct incorporation, immersion, encapsulation, shape-stabilization and form-stable composite PCMs is presented.Abstract:
The building sector is the dominant energy consumer with a total 30% share of the overall energy consumption and accounts for one-third of the greenhouse gas emissions around the world. Moreover, in recent years the energy demands for buildings have increased very rapidly due to increase in the growth rate of population and improvement in living standards of people. Furthermore, fossil fuels will continue to dominate the world's primary energy by 2030. Thus, the increase in energy demand, shortage of fossil fuels and environmental concerns has provided impetus to the development of sustainable building and renewable energy resources. Thermal energy storage is an efficient method for applying to building envelopes to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. This, in turn, reduces the environmental impact related to energy usage. The combination of construction materials and PCM is an efficient way to increase the thermal energy storage capacity of construction elements. Therefore, an extensive review on the incorporation of PCM into construction materials and elements by direct incorporation, immersion, encapsulation, shape-stabilization and form-stable composite PCMs is presented. For the first time, the differentiation between shape-stabilized and form-stable composite PCM has been made. Moreover, various construction materials such as diatomite, expanded perlite and graphite, etc. which are used as supports for form-stable composite PCM along with their worldwide availability are extensively discussed. One of the main aims of this review paper is to focus on the test methods which are used to determine the chemical compatibility, thermal properties, thermal stability and thermal conductivity of the PCM. Hence, the details related to calibration, sample preparation, test cell and analysis of test results are comprehensively covered. Finally, because of the renewed interest in integration of PCM in wallboards and concrete, an up-to-date review with focus on PCM enhanced wallboard and concrete for building applications is added.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
A review of melting and freezing processes of PCM/nano-PCM and their application in energy storage
Sara Rostami,Masoud Afrand,Amin Shahsavar,Mohsen Sheikholeslami,Rasool Kalbasi,Saeed Aghakhani,Mostafa Safdari Shadloo,Hakan F. Oztop +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed illustration of phase change materials and their working principle, different types, and properties are provided, and a characteristic example of PCM in solar energy storage and the design of PCMs are reviewed and analyzed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simulation-based optimization of PCM melting temperature to improve the energy performance in buildings
TL;DR: In this paper, a simulation-based optimization methodology was presented by coupling EnergyPlus and GenOpt with an innovative enthalpy-temperature (h-T) function to define the optimum PCM peak melting temperature to enhance the cooling, heating, and the annual total heating and cooling energy performance of a residential building in various climate conditions based on Koppen-Geiger classification.
Journal ArticleDOI
Infrared-Transparent Visible-Opaque Fabrics for Wearable Personal Thermal Management
TL;DR: In this paper, an infrared-transparent visible-opaque fabric (ITVOF) was developed to provide passive cooling via the transmission of thermal radiation emitted by the human body directly to the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential of macroencapsulated PCM for thermal energy storage in buildings: A comprehensive review
TL;DR: In this paper, a critical review of the application of macro-encapsulated phase change material (PCM) in buildings for energy savings has been carried out, and a detailed review of various approaches to integrate the macroencapped PCM in the building envelope has been shown.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal energy storage in building integrated thermal systems: A review. Part 2. Integration as passive system
Lidia Navarro,Alvaro de Gracia,Dervilla Niall,Albert Castell,Maria C. Browne,Sarah McCormack,Philip Griffiths,Luisa F. Cabeza +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of thermal energy storage passive systems that have been integrated in building components such as walls, ceilings or floors, and classify them depending on their component integration.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed available information concerning energy consumption in buildings, and particularly related to HVAC systems, and compared different types of building types and end uses in different countries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications
TL;DR: The use of a latent heat storage system using phase change materials (PCMs) is an effective way of storing thermal energy and has the advantages of high energy storage density and the isothermal nature of the storage process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the history of thermal energy storage with solid-liquid phase change has been carried out and three aspects have been the focus of this review: materials, heat transfer and applications.
Book
Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials
P.K. Mehta,Paulo J.M. Monteiro +1 more
TL;DR: Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials as mentioned in this paper provides complete details on the microstructure-property relationship approach to provide scientific explanation for the strength and durability of concrete.