Phosphoregulation of the autophagy machinery by kinases and phosphatases.
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors summarize the current knowledge on kinases and phosphatases acting on the core autophagy machinery and discuss the relevance of phosphoregulation for the overall process of autophagocytosis.Abstract:
Eukaryotic cells use post-translational modifications to diversify and dynamically coordinate the function and properties of protein networks within various cellular processes. For example, the process of autophagy strongly depends on the balanced action of kinases and phosphatases. Highly conserved from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to humans, autophagy is a tightly regulated self-degradation process that is crucial for survival, stress adaptation, maintenance of cellular and organismal homeostasis, and cell differentiation and development. Many studies have emphasized the importance of kinases and phosphatases in the regulation of autophagy and identified many of the core autophagy proteins as their direct targets. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on kinases and phosphatases acting on the core autophagy machinery and discuss the relevance of phosphoregulation for the overall process of autophagy.read more
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References
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PP2C Phosphatases Ptc2 and Ptc3 Are Required for DNA Checkpoint Inactivation after a Double-Strand Break
Christophe Leroy,Sang Eun Lee,Moreshwar B. Vaze,Françoise Ochsenbien,Raphael Guerois,James E. Haber,Marie Claude Marsolier-Kergoat +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the PP2C-like phosphatases Ptc2 and Ptc3 are shown to specifically bind to the Rad53 FHA1 domain and inactivate Rad53-dependent pathways during adaptation and recovery by dephosphorylating Rad53.
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A role for Atg8–PE deconjugation in autophagosome biogenesis
Usha Nair,Wei Lien Yen,Muriel Mari,Yang Cao,Zhiping Xie,Misuzu Baba,Fulvio Reggiori,Daniel J. Klionsky +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Atg8 deconjugation is an important step required to facilitate multiple events during macroautophagy, including the assembly of Atg9-containing tubulovesicular clusters into phagophores/autophagosomes, and the disassembly of PAS-associated Atg components.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of autophagy by coordinated action of mTORC1 and protein phosphatase 2A
TL;DR: Takeaway is that concurrent mTORC1 inactivation and PP2A–B55α stimulation fuel ULK1-dependent autophagy, a cellular catabolic process critical for cell viability and homoeostasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autophagosome Maturation and Fusion.
TL;DR: This review will focus on recent insights into the molecular events following the sealing/completion of an autophagosome, which lead to its maturation and subsequent fusion with endosomes/lysosomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cul3-KLHL20 Ubiquitin Ligase Governs the Turnover of ULK1 and VPS34 Complexes to Control Autophagy Termination
Chin Chih Liu,Chin Chih Liu,Yu Ching Lin,Yu Ching Lin,Yu-Hsuan Chen,Yu-Hsuan Chen,Chun Ming Chen,Liang Yu Pang,Liang Yu Pang,Hsuan An Chen,Pei Rung Wu,Mei-Yao Lin,Si Tse Jiang,Ting Fen Tsai,Ruey-Hwa Chen,Ruey-Hwa Chen +15 more
TL;DR: It is shown that ULK1, a serine/threonine kinase critical for autophagy initiation, is a substrate of the Cul3-KLHL20 ubiquitin ligase, and KLHL20 governs the degradation of ATG13, VPS34, Beclin-1, and ATG14 in prolonged starvation through a direct or indirect mechanism.
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