Journal ArticleDOI
Positioning single atoms with a scanning tunnelling microscope
D. M. Eigler,E. K. Schweizer +1 more
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In this paper, Binnig and Rohrer used the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) to position individual xenon atoms on a single-crystal nickel surface with atomic pre-cision.Abstract:
SINCE its invention in the early 1980s by Binnig and Rohrer1,2, the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) has provided images of surfaces and adsorbed atoms and molecules with unprecedented resolution The STM has also been used to modify surfaces, for example by locally pinning molecules to a surface3 and by transfer of an atom from the STM tip to the surface4 Here we report the use of the STM at low temperatures (4 K) to position individual xenon atoms on a single-crystal nickel surface with atomic pre-cision This capacity has allowed us to fabricate rudimentary structures of our own design, atom by atom The processes we describe are in principle applicable to molecules also In view of the device-like characteristics reported for single atoms on surfaces5,6, the possibilities for perhaps the ultimate in device miniaturization are evidentread more
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Radio-frequency scanning tunnelling microscopy
TL;DR: Broadband noise measurements across the tunnel junction using this radio-frequency STM have allowed us to perform thermometry at the nanometre scale and detect high-frequency mechanical motion with a sensitivity approaching ∼15 fm Hz-1/2, which is on par with the highest available from nanoscale optical and electrical displacement detection techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aharonov–Bohm interferences from local deformations in graphene
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that magnetic deformations in graphene can give rise to an analogue of the Aharonov-Bohm effect, a phenomenon that might be used to sensitively detect small deformations of the graphene sheet.
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Nanotechnology: The “Top‐Down” and “Bottom‐Up” Approaches
TL;DR: The bottom-up approach, through self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry, provides an exciting alternative route either combined with the top-down approach or on its own as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct mechanical measurement of interatomic potentials
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified atomic force microscope was used to measure the interatomic forces between a tip and the sample surface as a function of separation, and a magnetically controlled feedback mechanism was proposed to resist the "jump to contact" that commonly occurs in mechanical force measurements at small separations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fabrication and actuation of customized nanotweezers with a 25 nm gap
TL;DR: In this paper, a nanotweezer with a gap of 25nm was constructed by focusing an electron beam at the ends of four silicon oxide cantilevers, which converged to form a nanoscale gap.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Surface studies by scanning tunneling microscopy
TL;DR: In this paper, surface microscopy using vacuum tunneling has been demonstrated for the first time, and topographic pictures of surfaces on an atomic scale have been obtained for CaIrSn 4 and Au.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tunneling through a controllable vacuum gap
TL;DR: In this article, the first successful tunneling experiment with an externally and reproducibly adjustable vacuum gap is reported, based on the exponential dependence of the tunneling resistance on the width of the gap.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atomic-scale surface modifications using a tunnelling microscope
TL;DR: In this paper, an atomic-scale modification of the surface of a nearly perfect germanium crystal, effected by the tungsten tip of a tunnelling microscope, was reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Negative Differential Resistance on the Atomic Scale: Implications for Atomic Scale Devices
In-Whan Lyo,Phaedon Avouris +1 more
TL;DR: scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy are shown that the current-voltage characteristics of a diode configuration consisting of an STM tip over specific sites of a boron-exposed silicon(111) surface exhibit NDR.
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Molecular manipulation using a tunnelling microscope
TL;DR: The accomplishment of the smallest yet, purposeful, spatially localized changes in matter, effected on a graphite surface is reported, believing that the changes result from the pinning of individual organic molecules to the graphite.