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Predictability, surprise, attention, and conditioning

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TLDR
The role of attention in Pavlovian conditioning, and use of auditory and visual stimuli to condition rats is discussed in this article, where the authors discuss the use of both visual and auditory stimuli.
Abstract
Role of attention in Pavlovian conditioning, and use of auditory and visual stimuli to condition rats

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The Discriminative Lexicon: A Unified Computational Model for the Lexicon and Lexical Processing in Comprehension and Production Grounded Not in (De)Composition but in Linear Discriminative Learning

TL;DR: The discriminative lexicon is introduced as a mathematical and computational model of the mental lexicon that embraces the discrim inative perspective on language, rejecting the idea that words’ meanings are compositional in the sense of Frege and Russell and arguing instead that the relation between form and meaning is fundamentally discriminatives.
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D-cycloserine facilitates context-specific fear extinction learning

TL;DR: D-cycloserine facilitates extinction learning only if the behavioral procedure first engages the extinction learning process, and rats showing above-median extinction learning during DCS treatment benefited from the drug, whereas rats showing below-medians extinction learning did not.
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Neural mechanisms of acquired phasic dopamine responses in learning

TL;DR: This work provides a more extensive review of the biological mechanisms supporting phasic DA firing and their relation to the spate of Pavlovian conditioning phenomena and their sensitivity to focal brain lesions, and extends the PVLV model by incorporating a new NV (novelty value) component reflecting the ability of novel stimuli to trigger phasIC DA firing.
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Uncertainty and learning

TL;DR: The links between learning and uncertainty are reviewed from three perspectives: statistical theories such as the Kalman filter, psychological models in which differential attention is paid to stimuli with an effect on the speed of learning associated with those stimuli, and neurobiological data on the influence of the neuromodulators acetylcholine and norepinephrine on learning and inference.