Prevalence of and Risk Factors Associated With Mental Health Symptoms Among the General Population in China During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.
Le Shi,Zheng An Lu,Jian Yu Que,Xiao Lin Huang,Lin Liu,Mao-Sheng Ran,Yi Miao Gong,Yi Miao Gong,Kai Yuan,Wei Yan,Yankun Sun,Jie Shi,Yanping Bao,Lin Lu,Lin Lu +14 more
- Vol. 3, Iss: 7
TLDR
The mental health burden associated with CO VID-19 is considerable among the general population of China, suggesting that mental health interventions are in urgent demand during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for some at-risk populations.Abstract:
Importance People exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a series of imperative containment measures could be psychologically stressed, yet the burden of and factors associated with mental health symptoms remain unclear Objective To investigate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with mental health symptoms in the general population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic Design, Setting, and Participants This large-sample, cross-sectional, population-based, online survey study was conducted from February 28, 2020, to March 11, 2020 It involved all 34 province-level regions in China and included participants aged 18 years and older Data analysis was performed from March to May 2020 Main Outcomes and Measures The prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and acute stress among the general population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire–9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7, Insomnia Severity Index, and Acute Stress Disorder Scale Logistic regression analyses were used to explore demographic and COVID-19–related risk factors Results Of 71 227 individuals who clicked on the survey link, 56 932 submitted the questionnaires, for a participation rate of 799% After excluding the invalid questionnaires, 56 679 participants (mean [SD] age, 3597 [822] years; 27 149 men [479%]) were included in the study; 39 468 respondents (696%) were aged 18 to 39 years During the COVID-19 pandemic, the rates of mental health symptoms among the survey respondents were 279% (95% CI, 275%-282%) for depression, 316% (95% CI, 312%-320%) for anxiety, 292% (95% CI, 288%-296%) for insomnia, and 244% (95% CI, 240%-247%) for acute stress Participants with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 and their family members or friends had a high risk for symptoms of depression (adjusted odds ratios [ORs], 327 [95% CI, 184-580] for patients; 153 [95% CI, 126-185] for family or friends), anxiety (adjusted ORs, 248 [95% CI, 143-431] for patients; 153 [95% CI, 127-184] for family or friends), insomnia (adjusted ORs, 306 [95% CI, 173-543] for patients; 162 [95% CI, 135-196] for family or friends), and acute stress (adjusted ORs, 350 [95% CI, 202-607] for patients; 177 [95% CI, 146-215] for family or friends) Moreover, people with occupational exposure risks and residents in Hubei province had increased odds of symptoms of depression (adjusted ORs, 196 [95% CI, 177-217] for occupational exposure; 142 [95% CI, 119-168] for Hubei residence), anxiety (adjusted ORs, 193 [95% CI, 175-213] for occupational exposure; 154 [95% CI, 130-182] for Hubei residence), insomnia (adjusted ORs, 160 [95% CI, 145-177] for occupational exposure; 120 [95% CI, 101-142] for Hubei residence), and acute stress (adjusted ORs, 198 [95% CI, 179-220] for occupational exposure; 149 [95% CI, 125-179] for Hubei residence) Both centralized quarantine (adjusted ORs, 133 [95% CI, 110-161] for depression; 146 [95% CI, 122-175] for anxiety; 163 [95% CI, 136-195] for insomnia; 146 [95% CI, 121-177] for acute stress) and home quarantine (adjusted ORs, 130 [95% CI, 125-136] for depression; 128 [95% CI, 123-134] for anxiety; 124 [95% CI, 119-130] for insomnia; 129 [95% CI, 124-135] for acute stress) were associated with the 4 negative mental health outcomes Being at work was associated with lower risks of depression (adjusted OR, 085 [95% CI, 079-091]), anxiety (adjusted OR, 092 [95% CI, 086-099]), and insomnia (adjusted OR, 087 [95% CI, 081-094]) Conclusions and Relevance The results of this survey indicate that mental health symptoms may have been common during the COVID-19 outbreak among the general population in China, especially among infected individuals, people with suspected infection, and people who might have contact with patients with COVID-19 Some measures, such as quarantine and delays in returning to work, were also associated with mental health among the public These findings identify populations at risk for mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic and may help in implementing mental health intervention policies in other countries and regionsread more
Citations
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Sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Haitham Jahrami,Ahmed S. BaHammam,Nicola Luigi Bragazzi,Zahra Saif,MoezAlIslam Faris,Michael V. Vitiello +5 more
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Gabriele Giorgi,Luigi Isaia Lecca,Federico Alessio,Georgia Libera Finstad,Giorgia Bondanini,Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli,Giulio Arcangeli,Nicola Mucci +7 more
TL;DR: This review sets the basis for a better understanding of the psychological conditions of workers during the pandemic, integrating individual and social perspectives, and providing insight into possible individual, social, and occupational approaches to this “psychological pandemic”.
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Global prevalence of mental health issues among the general population during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided a contemporary global prevalence of mental health issues among the general population amid the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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Associations of Social Isolation with Anxiety and Depression During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Older Adults in London, UK
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TL;DR: A significant negative association between subjective loneliness and worsened components of both depression and anxiety is found and may inform targeted interventions and help guide policy recommendations in reducing the effects of social isolation related to the pandemic, and beyond, on the mental health of older people.
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Prevalence of anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic: An updated meta-analysis of community-based studies.
Javier Santabárbara,Javier Santabárbara,Isabel Lasheras,Darren M. Lipnicki,Juan Bueno-Notivol,María Pérez-Moreno,Raúl López-Antón,Raúl López-Antón,Concepción de la Cámara,Antonio Lobo,Patricia Gracia-García +10 more
TL;DR: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional community-based studies published between December 1, 2019 and August 23, 2020 suggests that rates of anxiety in the general population could be more than 3 times higher during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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