Journal ArticleDOI
Protein oxidation: an overview of metabolism of sulphur containing amino acid, cysteine.
Saheem Ahmad,Hamda Khan,Uzma Shahab,Shahnawaz Rehman,Zeeshan Rafi,Mohd Yasir Khan,Ahsanullah Ansari,Zeba N. Siddiqui,Jalaluddin M. Ashraf,Saleh Mohammed Abdullah,Safia Habib,Moin Uddin +11 more
TLDR
The role of oxidized Cys in different pathological consequences and its biochemistry may increase the research in the discovery of new therapies is reviewed to re-examine the role and biochemistry of oxidised Cys residues.Abstract:
The available data suggest that among cellular constituents, proteins are the major target for oxidation primarily because of their quantity and high rate of interactions with ROS. Proteins are susceptible to ROS modifications of amino acid side chains which alter protein structure. Among the amino acids, Cysteine (Cys) is more prone to oxidation by ROS because of its high nucleophilic property. The reactivity of Cys with ROS is due to the presence of thiol group. In the oxidised form, Cys forms disulfide bond, which are primary covalent cross-link found in proteins, and which stabilize the native conformation of a protein. Indirect evidence suggests that thiol modifications by ROS may be involved in neurodegenerative disorders, but the significance and precise extent of the contributions are poorly understood. Here, we review the role of oxidized Cys in different pathological consequences and its biochemistry may increase the research in the discovery of new therapies. The purpose of this review is to re-examine the role and biochemistry of oxidised Cys residues.read more
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Modulating ROS to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer.
Qingbin Cui,Jing-Quan Wang,Yehuda G. Assaraf,Liang Ren,Pranav Gupta,Liuya Wei,Charles R. Ashby,Dong-Hua Yang,Zhe-Sheng Chen +8 more
TL;DR: The critical and targetable redox-regulating enzymes, including mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, NADPH oxidases (NOXs), enzymes related to glutathione metabolism, glutamate/cystine antiporter xCT, thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and their roles in regulating cellular ROS levels, drug resistance as well as their clinical significance are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reactive Oxygen Species-Related Nanoparticle Toxicity in the Biomedical Field
TL;DR: A summary of the mechanisms and responsible for ROS generation by nanoparticles at the cellular level are given and insights into the mechanics of ROS-mediated biotoxicity are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antioxidant enzymes regulation in plants in reference to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)
Dhriti Kapoor,Simranjeet Singh,Vijay Kumar,Romina Romero,Ram Prasad,Ram Prasad,Joginder Singh +6 more
TL;DR: The novel findings of cellular processes induced by ROS and RNS are reviewed and the functions of cellular endogenous antioxidant systems as well as natural anti-oxidative compounds in plants are recapitulate to facilitate the illustration of the imperative role of antioxidants in prevention against oxidative stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Peroxisome-Mitochondria Connection: How and Why?
TL;DR: A comprehensive look at how peroxisomal and mitochondrial abundance are controlled by common sets of cis- and trans-acting factors and how these organelles cooperate in various metabolic and signaling pathways is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitochondrial ROS promote macrophage pyroptosis by inducing GSDMD oxidation
TL;DR: Gsdmd oxidation serves as a de novo mechanism by which mitochondrial ROS promote Nlrp3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptotic cell death, and hydrogen peroxide treatment augmented the cleavage of Gsdmd by caspase-1.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES: Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Signal Transduction
Klaus Apel,Heribert Hirt +1 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms of ROS generation and removal in plants during development and under biotic and abiotic stress conditions are described and the possible functions and mechanisms for ROS sensing and signaling in plants are compared with those in animals and yeast.
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Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing.
Toren Finkel,Nikki J. Holbrook +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence that the appropriate and inappropriate production of oxidants, together with the ability of organisms to respond to oxidative stress, is intricately connected to ageing and life span is reviewed.
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Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in Health and Disease
TL;DR: Current evidence indicates that most of the cytotoxicity attributed to NO is rather due to peroxynitrite, produced from the diffusion-controlled reaction between NO and another free radical, the superoxide anion, which is presented in detail in this review.
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Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health
TL;DR: The present review provides a brief overview on oxidative stress mediated cellular damages and role of dietary antioxidants as functional foods in the management of human diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense
TL;DR: In this review, the cellular oxidant and antioxidant systems are summarized and the cellular effects and mechanisms of the oxidative stress are discussed.