Journal ArticleDOI
Recalcitrance in clonal propagation, in particular of conifers
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TLDR
It is expected that rapid development in the fields of research areas discussed in this review will over time eliminate the problem of recalcitrance in many instances where it is currently prevalent.Abstract:
Despite major advances in forest biotechnology, clonal regeneration by somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis is still difficult for many woody species and is often limited to the use of juvenile explants. Adventitious regeneration of plants from gymnosperms older than zygotic embryos, and frequently even from highly immature zygotic embryos, is often difficult or has not yet been achieved. A number of experimental approaches that could eventually lead to overcoming recalcitrance are suggested in this review. When cloning trees of various ages, it is important to determine first which part of the individual contains the most responsive cells and at what time of the year these cells are in the most responsive state. This allows selection of the most useful explants. In hardwood trees and a few gymnosperms, responsive tissues are found in root or stump sprouts and in tissues near the site of meiosis at about the time that meiosis takes place. Another potentially active area is the shoot apex with most or all of its leaf or needle primordia removed. Apomixis is a natural form of clonal regeneration but occurs naturally in only one gymnosperm species. As the genetic mechanism of apomixis has been in part elucidated, the induction of apomixis by experimental means may soon be possible. The cytoplasm plays a major role in the expression or repression of nuclear genes that control embryogenesis. Expression of nuclear genes can be manipulated by nuclear transfer into de-nucleated cells (e.g., the cytoplasm of egg cells). Cytoplasmic control also plays a role in regeneration by androgenesis, asymmetric cell division and cell isolation. A short overview is presented of the genetic mechanisms involved in embryo initiation, maturation and germination and how manipulation of these mechanisms by genetic transformation could help in overcoming recalcitrance. It is expected that rapid development in the fields of research areas discussed in this review will over time eliminate the problem of recalcitrance in many instances where it is currently prevalent.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Somatic embryogenesis in forestry with a focus on Europe: state-of-the-art, benefits, challenges and future direction
Marie-Anne Lelu-Walter,David Thompson,Luc Harvengt,Leopoldo Sanchez,Mariano Toribio,Luc E. Pâques +5 more
TL;DR: This review will describe benefits, type of vegetative propagation, and its integration into breeding programmes, and a strategy to promote the use of somatic embryogenesis is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maturation and related aspects in clonal forestry—part II: reinvigoration, rejuvenation and juvenility maintenance
TL;DR: Methods for delaying the maturation of juvenile plants and for reducing the ontogenetic or physiological age of more-mature plants are examined and research areas in maturation that could lead to more-effective methods for establishing high-productivity plantations are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Proteomics research on forest trees, the most recalcitrant and orphan plant species
Nieves Abril,Jean-Marc Gion,René Kerner,Gerhard Müller-Starck,Rafael M. Navarro Cerrillo,Christophe Plomion,Jenny Renaut,Luis Valledor,Jesús V. Jorrín-Novo +8 more
TL;DR: The contribution of proteomics to the knowledge of forest tree (the most recalcitrant and almost forgotten plant species) biology is being reviewed and discussed, based on the author's own research work and papers published up to November 2010.
Journal ArticleDOI
Initiation of somatic embryos and regeneration of plants from primordial shoots of 10-year-old somatic white spruce and expression profiles of 11 genes followed during the tissue culture process
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-year study was conducted to investigate induction of SE from primordial shoot (PS) explants that were excised from shoot buds of somatic embryo-derived white spruce.
Book ChapterDOI
Advances in Conifer Somatic Embryogenesis Since Year 2000.
TL;DR: This review compiles research results published over the last 14 years on conifer somatic embryogenesis, with emphasis on the newest findings that affect the response of seed embryos and shoot primordia to the induction of SE and long-term culture of early somatic embryos.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Transition of somatic plant cells to an embryogenic state
TL;DR: This review summarizes relevant experimental observations that can contribute to the description and definition of a transitional state of somatic cells induced to form totipotent, embryogenic cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Somatic Embryogenesis: Factors Influencing Coordinated Behaviour of Cells as an Embryogenic Group
E. G. Williams,G. Maheswaran +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
The Arabidopsis Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor Kinase 1 Gene Is Expressed in Developing Ovules and Embryos and Enhances Embryogenic Competence in Culture
Valérie Hecht,Jean-Philippe Vielle-Calzada,Marijke Hartog,Eduard Daniel Leendert Schmidt,K. Boutilier,Ueli Grossniklaus,Ueli Grossniklaus,S. de Vries +7 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Developmental pathways of somatic embryogenesis
TL;DR: It has long been observed that conditioned medium from embryogenic cultures can promote embryogenesis, and it is possible to make a model of the process through the construction of fate maps representing an adequate number of morphological and molecular markers.
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