Regional climate model assessment of the urban land-surface forcing over central Europe
Peter Huszar,Tomas Halenka,Michal Belda,Michal Zak,Katerina Sindelarova,Katerina Sindelarova,Jiri Miksovsky +6 more
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In this paper, the authors quantified the climate impact of cities and urban surfaces in general on climate of central Europe, the surface parameterization in regional climate model RegCM4 has been extended with the Single-layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM).Abstract:
For the purpose of qualifying and quantifying the climate impact of cities and urban surfaces in general on climate of central Europe, the surface parameterization in regional climate model RegCM4 has been extended with the Single-layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM). A set of experiments was performed over the period of 2005–2009 for central Europe, either without considering urban surfaces or with the SLUCM treatment. Results show a statistically significant impact of urbanized surfaces on temperature (up to 1.5 K increase in summer) as well as on the boundary layer height (increases up to 50 m). Urbanization further influences surface wind with a winter decrease up to −0.6 m s−1, though both increases and decreases were detected in summer depending on the location relative to the cities and daytime (changes up to 0.3 m s−1). Urban surfaces significantly reduce the humidity over the surface. This impacts the simulated summer precipitation rate, showing a decrease over cities of up to −2 mm day−1. Significant temperature increases are simulated over higher altitudes as well, not only within the urban canopy layer. With the urban parameterization, the climate model better describes the diurnal temperature variation, reducing the cold afternoon and evening bias of RegCM4.
Sensitivity experiments were carried out to quantify the response of the meteorological conditions to changes in the parameters specific to the urban environment, such as street width, building height, albedo of the roofs and anthropogenic heat release. The results proved to be rather robust and the choice of the key SLUCM parameters impacts them only slightly (mainly temperature, boundary layer height and wind velocity). Statistically significant impacts are modelled not only over large urbanized areas, but the influence of the cities is also evident over rural areas without major urban surfaces. It is shown that this is the result of the combined effect of the distant influence of the cities and the influence of the minor local urban surface coverage.read more
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Review of urban surface parameterizations for numerical climate models
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed urban surface parameterization developments, evaluating the most important processes and identifying the data needed for linking urban surface models to climate models over the last three decades, and proposed ways to improve the existing processes and/or incorporate the missing processes for better simulation of urban weather/climate.
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Cooling hot cities: a systematic and critical review of the numerical modelling literature
E. Scott Krayenhoff,E. Scott Krayenhoff,Ashley M. Broadbent,Lei Zhao,Matei Georgescu,Ariane Middel,James A. Voogt,Alberto Martilli,David J. Sailor,Evyatar Erell +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematically review 146 studies from 1987-2017 that conduct physically-based numerical modelling of urban air temperature reduction resulting from green-blue infrastructure and reflective materials and conclude that evaluation of the base case simulation is not a sufficient prerequisite for accurate simulation of heat mitigation strategy cooling.
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Impacts of urbanization on future climate in China
TL;DR: In this article, the impacts of future urbanization in China on climate are investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model to downscale future projections using Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 simulations from the Community Earth System Model.
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Research on quantitative assessment of climate change risk at an urban scale: Review of recent progress and outlook of future direction
TL;DR: In this article, the authors make a critical review of the recent literature on urban-scale climate change risk assessment, and classifies them into four major categories of studies which jointly constitute a stepwise modelling chain from global climate change towards urban scale risk assessment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of an improved WRF urban canopy model on diurnal air temperature simulation over northern Taiwan
Chuan-Yao Lin,Chiung Jui Su,Hiroyuki Kusaka,Yuko Akimoto,Yang Fan Sheng,J.C. Huang,Huang-Hsiung Hsu +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the impact of urbanization over northern Taiwan using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model coupled with the Noah land-surface model and a modified urban canopy model, and the improved model not only enhanced correlation but also reduced bias and RMSE for the nighttime data of non-urban areas.
References
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A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3
C. Skamarock,B. Klemp,Jimy Dudhia,O. Gill,Dale Barker,G. Duda,Xiang-Yu Huang,Wei Wang,G. Powers +8 more
TL;DR: The Technical Note series provides an outlet for a variety of NCAR manuscripts that contribute in specialized ways to the body of scientific knowledge but which are not suitable for journal, monograph, or book publication.
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Boundary layer climates
TL;DR: This modern climatology textbook explains those climates formed near the ground in terms of the cycling of energy and mass through systems.
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