Role of proline under changing environments: a review.
TLDR
Review of the literature indicates that a stressful environment results in an overproduction of proline in plants which in turn imparts stress tolerance by maintaining cell turgor or osmotic balance; stabilizing membranes thereby preventing electrolyte leakage; and bringing concentrations of reactive oxygen species within normal ranges, thus preventing oxidative burst in plants.Abstract:
When exposed to stressful conditions, plants accumulate an array of metabolites, particularly amino acids. Amino acids have traditionally been considered as precursors to and constituents of proteins, and play an important role in plant metabolism and development. A large body of data suggests a positive correlation between proline accumulation and plant stress. Proline, an amino acid, plays a highly beneficial role in plants exposed to various stress conditions. Besides acting as an excellent osmolyte, proline plays three major roles during stress, i.e., as a metal chelator, an antioxidative defense molecule and a signaling molecule. Review of the literature indicates that a stressful environment results in an overproduction of proline in plants which in turn imparts stress tolerance by maintaining cell turgor or osmotic balance; stabilizing membranes thereby preventing electrolyte leakage; and bringing concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within normal ranges, thus preventing oxidative burst ...read more
Citations
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Heavy Metal Stress and Some Mechanisms of Plant Defense Response
TL;DR: An important additive component of plant defense system is symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which can effectively immobilize HMs and reduce their uptake by host plants via binding metal ions to hyphal cell wall and excreting several extracellular biomolecules.
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Osmotic adjustment is a prime drought stress adaptive engine in support of plant production
TL;DR: Over all crops a positive and significant association between OA and yield under drought stress were found in 24 out of 26 cases, considering that it is generally difficult to find a singular plant trait responsible for yield advantage of numerous crops under different drought stress conditions, this evidence is no less than remarkable as proof that OA sustains crop yieldunder drought stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
Arsenic uptake, toxicity, detoxification, and speciation in plants : physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects
Ghulam Abbas,Behzad Murtaza,Irshad Bibi,Irshad Bibi,Muhammad Shahid,Nabeel Khan Niazi,Nabeel Khan Niazi,Nabeel Khan Niazi,Muhammad Imran Khan,Muhammad Amjad,Munawar Hussain,Natasha +11 more
TL;DR: This review highlights the importance of the As-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as their damaging impacts on plants at biochemical, genetic, and molecular levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Proline: a key player in plant abiotic stress tolerance
Gurpreet Kaur,Bavita Asthir +1 more
TL;DR: Proline acts as stress-related signal exhibiting cross tolerance to a range of different stresses and is found to be coupled to several key pathways such as pentose phosphate, tricarboxylic acid, or urea cycles and contributes to, i.e., purine synthesis and the phenylpropanoid pathway.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of Plant Responses and Adaptation to Soil Salinity.
Chunzhao Zhao,Chunzhao Zhao,Heng Zhang,Chun-Peng Song,Jian-Kang Zhu,Jian-Kang Zhu,Sergey Shabala,Sergey Shabala +7 more
TL;DR: This review provides a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of salt stress responses in plants, including salt stress-triggered physiological responses, oxidative stress, salt stress sensing and signaling pathways, organellar stress, ion homeostasis, hormonal and gene expression regulation, metabolic changes, as well as salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The significance of amino acids and amino acid-derived molecules in plant responses and adaptation to heavy metal stress
TL;DR: This review deals with N-containing metabolites frequently preferentially synthesized under heavy metal stress such as Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, with special focus on proline and certain other amino acids and oligopeptides, as well as betaine, polyamines, and nicotianamine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strategies for engineering water-stress tolerance in plants
TL;DR: Water deficit is the commonest environmental stress factor limiting plant productivity, and the ability of plants to detoxify radicals under conditions of water deficit is probably the most critical requirement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants: Relationships in green cells
TL;DR: Current data suggest that complex regulatory mechanisms function at both the gene and protein level to coordinate antioxidant responses and that a critical role is played by organellar localization and inter-compartment coordination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Osmolyte accumulation: can it really help increase crop yield under drought conditions?
Rachid Serraj,Thomas R. Sinclair +1 more
TL;DR: The one clear mechanism identified in this review for beneficial yield responses to OA is in the maintenance of root development in order to reach water that may be available deeper in the soil profile.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prokaryotic osmoregulation: genetics and physiology.
TL;DR: The Osmoregulated Genes and Genes of E. coli and S. coli: A chronology of key discoveries and inhibitors, as well as some of the mechanisms behind their development, are described.
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