Role of proline under changing environments: a review.
TLDR
Review of the literature indicates that a stressful environment results in an overproduction of proline in plants which in turn imparts stress tolerance by maintaining cell turgor or osmotic balance; stabilizing membranes thereby preventing electrolyte leakage; and bringing concentrations of reactive oxygen species within normal ranges, thus preventing oxidative burst in plants.Abstract:
When exposed to stressful conditions, plants accumulate an array of metabolites, particularly amino acids. Amino acids have traditionally been considered as precursors to and constituents of proteins, and play an important role in plant metabolism and development. A large body of data suggests a positive correlation between proline accumulation and plant stress. Proline, an amino acid, plays a highly beneficial role in plants exposed to various stress conditions. Besides acting as an excellent osmolyte, proline plays three major roles during stress, i.e., as a metal chelator, an antioxidative defense molecule and a signaling molecule. Review of the literature indicates that a stressful environment results in an overproduction of proline in plants which in turn imparts stress tolerance by maintaining cell turgor or osmotic balance; stabilizing membranes thereby preventing electrolyte leakage; and bringing concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within normal ranges, thus preventing oxidative burst ...read more
Citations
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A critical review of mercury speciation, bioavailability, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant environment: ecotoxicology and health risk assessment
Natasha,Muhammad Shahid,Sana Khalid,Irshad Bibi,Jochen Bundschuh,Nabeel Khan Niazi,Nabeel Khan Niazi,Camille Dumat +7 more
TL;DR: A plausible link among Hg levels, its chemical speciation and phytoavailability in soil, accumulation in plants, phytotoxicity and detoxification of Hg inside the plant is traced and well summarized and up-to-date data are described.
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Mechanisms of amino acid-mediated lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans
Clare Edwards,John Canfield,Neil Copes,Andres G. Brito,Muhammad Rehan,David Lipps,Jessica Brunquell,Sandy D. Westerheide,Patrick C. Bradshaw +8 more
TL;DR: Lifespan extension appears to be caused by altered mitochondrial TCA cycle metabolism and respiratory substrate utilization resulting in the activation of the DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2 stress response pathways.
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Signaling events in plants: Stress factors in combination change the picture
TL;DR: Various aspects of multiple stress applications published within the last few years are discussed and the importance to study biotic and abiotic stress combinations in order to predict plant responses to future climate changes is pronounced.
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Copper uptake, essentiality, toxicity, detoxification and risk assessment in soil-plant environment
Zunaira Shabbir,Aneeza Sardar,Abrar Shabbir,Ghulam Abbas,Saliha Shamshad,Sana Khalid,Natasha,Ghulam Murtaza,Camille Dumat,Muhammad Shahid +9 more
TL;DR: This review critically highlights the latest understanding of (i) Cu adsorption/desorption in soil, (ii) accumulation in plants, (iii) phytotoxicity, (iv) tolerance mechanisms inside plants and (v) health risk assessment.
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Effect of cadmium on the growth and antioxidant enzymes in two varieties of Brassica juncea
TL;DR: Out of the two varieties, Varuna was more tolerant than RH-30 to Cd stress, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes and proline accumulation were higher in Varuna with increasing soil level of Cd.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance
TL;DR: Key steps of the signal transduction pathway that senses ROIs in plants have been identified and raise several intriguing questions about the relationships between ROI signaling, ROI stress and the production and scavenging ofROIs in the different cellular compartments.
Journal ArticleDOI
ASCORBATE AND GLUTATHIONE: Keeping Active Oxygen Under Control
Graham Noctor,Christine H. Foyer +1 more
TL;DR: A detailed account of current knowledge of the biosynthesis, compartmentation, and transport of these two important antioxidants, with emphasis on the unique insights and advances gained by molecular exploration are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance
Muhammad Ashraf,Majid R. Foolad +1 more
TL;DR: In this review article, numerous examples of successful application of these compounds to improve plant stress tolerance are presented and a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of exogenously applied GB and proline is expected to aid their effective utilization in crop production in stress environments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Proline: a multifunctional amino acid
László Szabados,Arnould Savouré +1 more
TL;DR: The compartmentalization of proline biosynthesis, accumulation and degradation in the cytosol, chloroplast and mitochondria is discussed and the role of prolines in cellular homeostasis, including redox balance and energy status, is described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together.
TL;DR: This review lists some candidate genes for salinity tolerance, and draws together hypotheses about the functions of these genes and the specific tissues in which they might operate.
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