Salivary Biomarkers: Toward Future Clinical and Diagnostic Utilities

TLDR: Saliva and its significance as a source of indicators for local, systemic, and infectious disorders is discussed and contemporary innovations and recent discoveries that deem saliva a mediator of the body's physiological condition are explored.

Abstract: SUMMARY The pursuit of timely, cost-effective, accurate, and noninvasive diagnostic methodologies is an endeavor of urgency among clinicians and scientists alike. Detecting pathologies at their earliest stages can significantly affect patient discomfort, prognosis, therapeutic intervention, survival rates, and recurrence. Diagnosis and monitoring often require painful invasive procedures such as biopsies and repeated blood draws, adding undue stress to an already unpleasant experience. The discovery of saliva-based microbial, immunologic, and molecular biomarkers offers unique opportunities to bypass these measures by utilizing oral fluids to evaluate the condition of both healthy and diseased individuals. Herewediscusssalivaanditssignificanceasasourceofindicators forlocal,systemic,andinfectiousdisorders.Wehighlightcontemporary innovations and explore recent discoveries that deem saliva a mediator of the body’s physiological condition. Additionally, we examine the current state of salivary diagnostics and its associated technologies, future aspirations, and potential as the preferred route of disease detection, monitoring, and prognosis.