Seroepidemiological Prevalence of Multiple Species of Filoviruses in Fruit Bats (Eidolon helvum) Migrating in Africa
Hirohito Ogawa,Hiroko Miyamoto,Eri Nakayama,Reiko Yoshida,Ichiro Nakamura,Hirofumi Sawa,Akihiro Ishii,Yuka Thomas,Emiko Nakagawa,Keita Matsuno,Masahiro Kajihara,Junki Maruyama,Naganori Nao,Mieko Muramatsu,Makoto Kuroda,Edgar Simulundu,Katendi Changula,Bernard M. Hang’ombe,Boniface Namangala,Andrew Nambota,Jackson Katampi,Manabu Igarashi,Kimihito Ito,Heinz Feldmann,Chihiro Sugimoto,Ladslav Moonga,Aaron S. Mweene,Ayato Takada +27 more
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TLDR
Interestingly, the transition of filovirus species causing outbreaks in Central and West Africa during 2005-2014 seemed to be synchronized with the change of the serologically dominant virus species in these bats, suggesting the introduction of multiple species offiloviruses in the migratory bat population.Abstract:
Fruit bats are suspected to be a natural reservoir of filoviruses, including Ebola and Marburg viruses. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the viral glycoprotein antigens, we detected filovirus-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in 71 of 748 serum samples collected from migratory fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) in Zambia during 2006-2013. Although antibodies to African filoviruses (eg, Zaire ebolavirus) were most prevalent, some serum samples showed distinct specificity for Reston ebolavirus, which that has thus far been found only in Asia. Interestingly, the transition of filovirus species causing outbreaks in Central and West Africa during 2005-2014 seemed to be synchronized with the change of the serologically dominant virus species in these bats. These data suggest the introduction of multiple species of filoviruses in the migratory bat population and point to the need for continued surveillance of filovirus infection of wild animals in sub-Saharan Africa, including hitherto nonendemic countries.read more
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Human Adaptation of Ebola Virus during the West African Outbreak
Richard A. Urbanowicz,Richard A. Urbanowicz,C. Patrick McClure,C. Patrick McClure,Anavaj Sakuntabhai,Anavaj Sakuntabhai,Amadou A. Sall,Gary P. Kobinger,Gary P. Kobinger,Marcel A. Müller,Edward C. Holmes,Félix A. Rey,Félix A. Rey,Etienne Simon-Loriere,Etienne Simon-Loriere,Jonathan K. Ball,Jonathan K. Ball +16 more
TL;DR: Data revealed that specific amino acid substitutions in the EBOV GP have increased Tropism for human cells, while reducing tropism for bat cells, which may have enhanced the ability of EBOv to transmit among humans and contributed to the wide geographic distribution of some viral lineages.
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Perspectives on West Africa Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak, 2013-2016.
TL;DR: Many features of this outbreak reinforce the benefit of continued investment in global health security.
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Assessing the Evidence Supporting Fruit Bats as the Primary Reservoirs for Ebola Viruses
Siv Aina J. Leendertz,Jan F. Gogarten,Ariane Düx,Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer,Fabian H. Leendertz +4 more
TL;DR: Evidence implicating insectivorous bats and reiterate that bats themselves might not be the ultimate reservoir for EBOV are discussed, highlighting that fruit bats may not represent the main, or the sole, reservoir.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modelling filovirus maintenance in nature by experimental transmission of Marburg virus between Egyptian rousette bats
Amy J. Schuh,Brian R. Amman,Megan E. B. Jones,Megan E. B. Jones,Tara K. Sealy,Luke S. Uebelhoer,Luke S. Uebelhoer,Jessica R. Spengler,Brock E. Martin,Jo Ann D. Coleman-McCray,Stuart T. Nichol,Jonathan S. Towner,Jonathan S. Towner +12 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that MARV can be horizontally transmitted from inoculated to contact ERBs, thereby providing a model for filovirus maintenance in its natural reservoir host and a potential mechanism for virus spillover to other animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental Inoculation of Egyptian Fruit Bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with Ebola Virus
Janusz T. Paweska,Nadia Storm,Antoinette A. Grobbelaar,Wanda Markotter,Alan Kemp,Petrus Jansen van Vuren +5 more
TL;DR: Irrespective of the route of inoculation, no virus was isolated from tissues which tested positive for EBOV RNA, and Viral RNA was not detected in oral, nasal, ocular, vaginal, penile and rectal swabs from any of the experimental groups.
References
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Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus
Eric M. Leroy,Brice Kumulungui,Xavier Pourrut,Pierre Rouquet,Alexandre Hassanin,Philippe Yaba,André Délicat,Janusz T. Paweska,Jean-Paul Gonzalez,Robert Swanepoel +9 more
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TL;DR: It is suggested that cell surface glycoproteins with N-linked oligosaccharide chains contribute to the entry of Ebola viruses, presumably acting as a specific receptor and/or cofactor for virus entry.
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Isolation of Genetically Diverse Marburg Viruses from Egyptian Fruit Bats
Jonathan S. Towner,Brian R. Amman,Tara K. Sealy,Serena A. Carroll,James A. Comer,Alan Kemp,Robert Swanepoel,Christopher D. Paddock,Stephen Balinandi,Marina L. Khristova,Pierre Formenty,César G. Albariño,David M. Miller,Zachary Reed,John Kayiwa,James N. Mills,Deborah Cannon,Patricia W. Greer,Emmanuel Byaruhanga,Eileen C. Farnon,Patrick Atimnedi,Samuel Okware,Edward Katongole-Mbidde,Robert Downing,Jordan W. Tappero,Sherif R. Zaki,Thomas G. Ksiazek,Stuart T. Nichol,Pierre E. Rollin +28 more
TL;DR: Data indicate common Egyptian fruit bats can represent a major natural reservoir and source of Marburg virus with potential for spillover into humans.
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