Short‐term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance
Martin J. Gibala,Jonathan P. Little,Martin Van Essen,Geoffrey Wilkin,Kirsten A. Burgomaster,Adeel Safdar,Sandeep Raha,Mark A. Tarnopolsky +7 more
TLDR
Data demonstrate that SIT is a time‐efficient strategy to induce rapid adaptations in skeletal muscle and exercise performance that are comparable to ET in young active men.Abstract:
Brief, intense exercise training may induce metabolic and performance adaptations comparable to traditional endurance training. However, no study has directly compared these diverse training strategies in a standardized manner. We therefore examined changes in exercise capacity and molecular and cellular adaptations in skeletal muscle after low volume sprint-interval training (SIT) and high volume endurance training (ET). Sixteen active men (21 +/- 1 years, ) were assigned to a SIT or ET group (n = 8 each) and performed six training sessions over 14 days. Each session consisted of either four to six repeats of 30 s 'all out' cycling at approximately 250% with 4 min recovery (SIT) or 90-120 min continuous cycling at approximately 65% (ET). Training time commitment over 2 weeks was approximately 2.5 h for SIT and approximately 10.5 h for ET, and total training volume was approximately 90% lower for SIT versus ET ( approximately 630 versus approximately 6500 kJ). Training decreased the time required to complete 50 and 750 kJ cycling time trials, with no difference between groups (main effects, P </= 0.05). Biopsy samples obtained before and after training revealed similar increases in muscle oxidative capacity, as reflected by the maximal activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and COX subunits II and IV protein content (main effects, P </= 0.05), but COX II and IV mRNAs were unchanged. Training-induced increases in muscle buffering capacity and glycogen content were also similar between groups (main effects, P </= 0.05). Given the large difference in training volume, these data demonstrate that SIT is a time-efficient strategy to induce rapid adaptations in skeletal muscle and exercise performance that are comparable to ET in young active men.read more
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Regulators of Human White Adipose Browning: Evidence for Sympathetic Control and Sexual Dimorphic Responses to Sprint Interval Training
Rebecca L. Scalzo,Garrett L. Peltonen,Gregory R. Giordano,Scott E. Binns,Anna L. Klochak,Hunter L. Paris,Melani M. Schweder,Steve E. Szallar,Lacey M. Wood,Dennis G. Larson,Gary J. Luckasen,Matthew S. Hickey,Christopher Bell +12 more
TL;DR: Data suggest a potential regulatory role of acute sympathetic activation pertaining to the browning of white adipose; further, there appears to be a sexual dimorphic response of irisin to SIT.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rating of perceived exertion as a tool for prescribing and self regulating interval training: a pilot study
Emmanuel Gomes Ciolac,Simone de Souza Mantuani,Cassiano Merussi Neiva,Carlos Eduardo Lopes Verardi,Dalton Müller Pessôa-Filho,Leonardo Pimenta +5 more
TL;DR: The 6-20 RPE scale may be a useful tool for prescribing and self-regulating HIT in young subjects and no significant differences were observed in HR response and walking/running speed between HIT sessions prescribed and regulated by HR or RPE.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Physiological Mechanisms of Performance Enhancement with Sprint Interval Training Differ between the Upper and Lower Extremities in Humans.
Christoph Zinner,David Morales-Alamo,Niels Ørtenblad,Filip J. Larsen,Tomas A. Schiffer,Sarah J. Willis,Miriam Gelabert-Rebato,Mario Perez-Valera,Robert Boushel,Jose A. L. Calbet,Hans-Christer Holmberg +10 more
TL;DR: The primary mechanism of adaptation to SIT by both the arms and legs is enhancement of aerobic energy production, however, with their higher proportion of fast muscle fibers, the arms exhibit greater plasticity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autonomic adaptation after traditional and reverse swimming training periodizations
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez,Ricardo J. Fernandes,J J Arroyo-Toledo,Pedro Figueiredo,José María González-Ravé,João Paulo Vilas-Boas +5 more
TL;DR: The autonomic response of swimmers was different depending on the periodization performed, with the reverse periodization model leading to higher autonomic adaption and the data suggests that autonomic adaptations were not critical for the 50-m swimming performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interval and continuous exercise elicit equivalent postexercise hypotension in prehypertensive men, despite differences in regulation
TL;DR: The results from the current study indicate that older prehypertensive adults experience similar PEH following equicaloric bouts of IE and SS exercise despite larger alterations in HRV and BRS elicited by IE.
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