‘Sponge-specific’ bacteria are widespread (but rare) in diverse marine environments
Michael W. Taylor,Peter Tsai,Rachel L. Simister,Peter Deines,Peter Deines,Emmanuelle S. Botté,Gavin Ericson,Susanne Schmitt,Susanne Schmitt,Nicole S. Webster +9 more
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TLDR
The results suggest that many ‘sponge-specific’ bacteria occur more widely outside of sponge hosts than previously thought.Abstract:
Numerous studies have reported the existence of sponge-specific 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence clusters, representing bacteria found in sponges but not detected in other environments, such as seawater. The advent of deep-sequencing technologies allows us to examine the rare microbial biosphere in order to establish whether these bacteria are truly sponge specific, or are more widely distributed but only at abundances below the detection limit of conventional molecular approaches. We screened >12 million publicly available 16S rRNA gene pyrotags derived from 649 seawater, sediment, hydrothermal vent and coral samples from temperate, tropical and polar regions. We detected 77 of the 173 previously described sponge-specific clusters in seawater or other non-sponge samples, albeit generally at extremely low abundances. Sequences representing the candidate phylum ‘Poribacteria’, previously thought to be largely restricted to sponges, were recovered from 46 (out of 411) seawater and 41 (out of 129) sediment samples. While the presence of an organism does not imply that it is active in situ, our results do suggest that many ‘sponge-specific’ bacteria occur more widely outside of sponge hosts than previously thought.read more
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Ecology and exploration of the rare biosphere
Michael D. Lynch,Josh D. Neufeld +1 more
TL;DR: The ecology of rare microbial populations is discussed, molecular and computational methods for targeting taxonomic 'blind spots' within the rare biosphere of complex microbial communities are highlighted, and the value of studying the biogeography of microorganisms is highlighted.
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Diversity, structure and convergent evolution of the global sponge microbiome
Torsten Thomas,Lucas Moitinho-Silva,Miguel Lurgi,Johannes R. Björk,Johannes R. Björk,Cole G. Easson,Carmen Astudillo-García,Julie B. Olson,Patrick M. Erwin,Susanna López-Legentil,Heidi M. Luter,Andia Chaves-Fonnegra,Rodrigo Costa,Peter J. Schupp,Laura Steindler,Dirk Erpenbeck,Jack A. Gilbert,Jack A. Gilbert,Rob Knight,Gail Ackermann,Jose V. Lopez,Michael W. Taylor,Robert W. Thacker,José M. Montoya,Ute Hentschel,Nicole S. Webster +25 more
TL;DR: It is shown that sponges are a reservoir of exceptional microbial diversity and major contributors to the total microbial diversity of the world's oceans, and a model of independent assembly and evolution in symbiont communities across the entire host phylum is supported.
Journal ArticleDOI
IMNGS: A comprehensive open resource of processed 16S rRNA microbial profiles for ecology and diversity studies
Ilias Lagkouvardos,Divya Joseph,Martin Kapfhammer,Sabahattin Giritli,Matthias Horn,Dirk Haller,Thomas Clavel +6 more
TL;DR: IMNGS (Integrated Microbial Next Generation Sequencing), an innovative platform that uniformly and systematically screens for and processes all prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene amplicon datasets available in SRA and uses them to build sample-specific sequence databases and OTU-based profiles.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Sponge Hologenome
Nicole S. Webster,Torsten Thomas +1 more
TL;DR: The collective genomes of the sponge holobiont form the sponge hologenome, and it is highlighted how the forces that define a sponge’s phenotype in fact act on the genomic interplay between the different components of the holobions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Marine Biodiversity, Biogeography, Deep-Sea Gradients, and Conservation.
TL;DR: How many marine species are named and estimated to exist is assessed, paying particular regard to whether discoveries of deep-sea organisms, microbes and parasites will change the proportion of terrestrial to marine species.
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