Journal ArticleDOI
Stable oxygen isotope composition of plant tissue: a review
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors present theoretical models describing the influences on stable oxygen isotope analysis of plant organic material (δ18Op), using recently published experimental work to outline strengths and weaknesses in the models.Abstract:
With the development of rapid measurement techniques, stable oxygen isotope analysis of plant tissue is poised to become an important tool in plant physiological, ecological, paleoclimatic and forensic studies. Recent advances in mechanistic understanding have led to the improvement of process-based models that accurately predict variability in the oxygen isotope composition of plant organic material (δ18Op). δ18Op has been shown to reflect the isotope composition of soil water, evaporative enrichment in transpiring leaves, and isotopic exchange between oxygen atoms in organic molecules and local water in the cells in which organic molecules are formed. This review presents current theoretical models describing the influences on δ18Op, using recently published experimental work to outline strengths and weaknesses in the models. The potential and realised applications of the technique are described.read more
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Molecular Paleohydrology: Interpreting the Hydrogen-Isotopic Composition of Lipid Biomarkers from Photosynthesizing Organisms
Dirk Sachse,Isabelle Billault,Gabriel J. Bowen,Yoshito Chikaraishi,Todd E. Dawson,Sarah J. Feakins,Katherine H. Freeman,Clayton R. Magill,Francesca A. McInerney,Marcel T J van der Meer,Pratigya J. Polissar,Richard J. Robins,Julian P. Sachs,Hanns Ludwig Schmidt,Alex L. Sessions,James W. C. White,Jason B. West,Ansgar Kahmen +17 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the factors and processes that are known to influence the hydrogen-isotopic compositions of lipids from photosynthesizing organisms, and provide a framework for interpreting their D/H ratios from ancient sediments and identify future research opportunities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Breeding for Yield Potential and Stress Adaptation in Cereals
TL;DR: The physiological basis of crop yield and its response to stresses is highlighted, with special emphasis on drought, and ways to improve the efficiency of crop breeding through a better physiological understanding by both conventional and molecular methods are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stable isotopes in tree rings: towards a mechanistic understanding of isotope fractionation and mixing processes from the leaves to the wood.
Arthur Gessler,Juan Pedro Ferrio,Robert Hommel,Kerstin Treydte,Roland A. Werner,Russell K. Monson +5 more
TL;DR: This review starts from the rather well understood processes at the leaf level such as photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation, leaf water evaporative isotope enrichment and the issue of the isotopic composition of inorganic sources (CO2 and H2O), though it focuses on the less explored 'downstream' processes related to metabolism and transport.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enhancing drought tolerance in C4 crops
Marta S. Lopes,José Luis Araus,José Luis Araus,Philippus D.R. van Heerden,Christine H. Foyer +4 more
TL;DR: Current evidence points to the crucial importance of root traits in drought tolerance in C(4) plants, shoot traits may also be important in maintaining high yields during drought, and the molecular mechanisms underpinning heterosis have considerable potential in enhancing drought stress tolerance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Isotopes reveal contrasting water use strategies among coexisting plant species in a Mediterranean ecosystem
TL;DR: Coexisting species maintained their relative isotopic rankings in 2 yr with contrasting rainfall, suggesting the existence of species-specific 'isotopic niches' that reflect ecophysiological niche segregation in dryland plant communities.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Isotopic Variations in Meteoric Waters
TL;DR: The relationship between deuterium and oxygen-18 concentrations in natural meteoric waters from many parts of the world has been determined with a mass spectrometer and shows a linear correlation over the entire range for waters which have not undergone excessive evaporation.
Book
Convective Heat and Mass Transfer
W. M. Kays,J. H. Whitelaw +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the echangeurs de : chaleur, couche de : limite, modeles de : turbulence, transfert de masse reference record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08
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On the Relationship Between Carbon Isotope Discrimination and the Intercellular Carbon Dioxide Concentration in Leaves
TL;DR: It is shown how diffusion of gaseous COz can significantly affect carbon isotopic discrimination and a simple relationship between discrimination and the ratio of the intercellular and atmospheric partial pressures of COZ is developed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stable isotopes in tree rings.
Danny McCarroll,Neil J. Loader +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of isotope dendroclimatology, explaining the underlying theory and describing the steps taken in building and interpreting isotope chronologies.
Book
Stable isotopes and plant carbon-water relations.
TL;DR: Carbon Isotope Fractionation During Photosynthesis as mentioned in this paper is a measure of the proportion of carbon dioxide in a plant's output to the amount of water available in the growing season.