Journal ArticleDOI
Strigolactone inhibition of shoot branching
Victoria Gomez-Roldan,Victoria Gomez-Roldan,Soraya Fermas,Philip B. Brewer,Virginie Puech-Pagès,Virginie Puech-Pagès,Elizabeth A. Dun,Jean-Paul Pillot,Fabien Létisse,Radoslava Matusova,Saida Danoun,Saida Danoun,Jean-Charles Portais,Harro J. Bouwmeester,Guillaume Bécard,Guillaume Bécard,Christine A. Beveridge,Catherine Rameau,Soizic Rochange,Soizic Rochange +19 more
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TLDR
Evidence is presented that carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8 shoot branching mutants of pea are strigolactone deficient and that strigOLactone application restores the wild-type branching phenotype to ccd8 mutants, and that other branching mutants previously characterized as lacking a response to the branching inhibition signal also lack striglactone response.Abstract:
A carotenoid-derived hormonal signal that inhibits shoot branching in plants has long escaped identification. Strigolactones are compounds thought to be derived from carotenoids and are known to trigger the germination of parasitic plant seeds and stimulate symbiotic fungi. Here we present evidence that carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8 shoot branching mutants of pea are strigolactone deficient and that strigolactone application restores the wild-type branching phenotype to ccd8 mutants. Moreover, we show that other branching mutants previously characterized as lacking a response to the branching inhibition signal also lack strigolactone response, and are not deficient in strigolactones. These responses are conserved in Arabidopsis. In agreement with the expected properties of the hormonal signal, exogenous strigolactone can be transported in shoots and act at low concentrations. We suggest that endogenous strigolactones or related compounds inhibit shoot branching in plants. Furthermore, ccd8 mutants demonstrate the diverse effects of strigolactones in shoot branching, mycorrhizal symbiosis and parasitic weed interaction.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Role of plant hormones in plant defence responses.
TL;DR: Recent advances made in understanding the role of salicylic acid, jasmonates and ethylene in modulating plant defence responses against various diseases and pests are reviewed.
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Arbuscular mycorrhiza: the mother of plant root endosymbioses.
TL;DR: During evolution, the genetic programme for AM has been recruited for other plant root symbioses: functional adaptation of a plant receptor kinase that is essential for AM symbiosis paved the way for nitrogen-fixing bacteria to form intracellular symbiosis with plant cells.
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Regulation and function of root exudates.
TL;DR: This review focuses on compiling the information available on the regulation and mechanisms of root exudation processes, and provides some ideas related to the evolutionary role ofRoot exudates in shaping soil microbial communities.
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Speak, friend, and enter: signalling systems that promote beneficial symbiotic associations in plants.
TL;DR: This Review describes the common signalling processes used by plants during mutualistic interactions with microorganisms as diverse as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobial bacteria.
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The ubiquitin–26S proteasome system at the nexus of plant biology
TL;DR: Data accumulated over the past few years now show that the UPS targets numerous intracellular regulators that have central roles in hormone signalling, the regulation of chromatin structure and transcription, tailoring morphogenesis, responses to environmental challenges, self recognition and battling pathogens.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots
TL;DR: The standard error of four methods of assessment based on observations of stained root samples either randomly arranged in a petri dish or mounted on microscope slides are calculated.
Book
Sand and Water Culture Methods Used in the Study of Plant Nutrition
Abstract: Since its appearanc e in 1952, Technical Communication no. 22 of the Commonwealt h Bureau of Horticulture and Plantation Crops has come to be recognized, at least in the English language, as the standar d reference for those interested in the developmen t of sand and water culture techniques used in plant nutrition research throughout the British Commonwealth , parts of Europe, and the United States. The Second Edition of this valuabl e work wil l strengthen even further the unique position it occupies. Most (395 of its 477 pages of text) of the book is devoted to a general review of the subject . A second part deal s in somewhat more detai l with the procedures used by the author at Long Ashton. The completenes s of treatment of the subject matter is best attested by the number of references . Their listing, with complet e titles and cross-indexing , requires 55 pages, which gives an estimated number of 1,800 references . The earliest reference date noted was 1699, the latest , 1964. They are primarily from Great Britain and the United States, but paper s from German, French, Russian, and Japanes e publications are also included. The section devoted to the historical developmen t of plant culture techniques is much longer than in the First Edition. The book represent s very much more than a historical account ing, however . It provides in great detail, and with numerous drawings where appropriate, information on every aspect of plant nutrition research . Likely problems that might be encountere d are presented , and the advantage s and disadvantage s of many of the procedures employed and material s used are discussed . A very useful feature of the book are the conclusions and summaries given after some of the topics are discusse d in detail. It wil l serve well the needs of both the researche r actively engaged in plant nutrition studies as well as the teacher seeking material for classroom presentation . With one important exception, the headings into which the subject matter is divided are identical to those of the earlier edition. However, many sections have been completel y revised, and the more recent findings have been added to practicall y all of them. A 30-page section on the "Assessmen t of contamination and the limitations of micronutrient deficiency studies" is a new and valuable addition to the Second Edition. Much of the material which was previousl y reviewed by R. E. Thiers and R. L. Mitchell is included in this section, but the results of some of the studies at Long Ashton are also presented . In the reviewer' s opinion two features of the book could be improved. I found that it took some time to get accustome d to the numbering system used for chapters , sections, and subsections , and the designation of topics in the index in this manner.Search iri g for topics in the text designate d by this numbering system is much slower than finding them by page number designation. A second shortcoming of the book is the kind of binding used. Unless the copy I received was not typical, the pages are not bound securel y and consequentl y wil l pull loose quite readily. I hope this is not generall y true as I believe that the book wil l be subject to heavy use in any laborator y where plant nutrition studies are being conducted.—V. V. Rendig, Dept, of Soils & Plant Nutrition, University of California, Dans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant sesquiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
TL;DR: Strigolactones are a group of sesquiterpene lactones, previously isolated as seed-germination stimulants for the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche, and a synthetic analogue, GR24, induced extensive hyphal branching in germinating spores of the AM fungus Gigaspora margarita at very low concentrations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ink and Vinegar, a Simple Staining Technique for Arbuscular-Mycorrhizal Fungi
TL;DR: A reliable, inexpensive, and simple method for staining arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungal colonizations in root tissues and could be of great utility in teaching exercises.
Journal ArticleDOI
The origin and early evolution of plants on land
TL;DR: A recent surge of interest in palaeobotanical discoveries and advances in the systematics of living plants provides a revised perspective on the evolution of early land plants and suggests new directions for future research.