Structural Characterization of Wheat Straw Lignin as Revealed by Analytical Pyrolysis, 2D-NMR, and Reductive Cleavage Methods
José C. del Río,Jorge Rencoret,Jorge Rencoret,Pepijn Prinsen,Ángel T. Martínez,John Ralph,Ana Gutiérrez +6 more
TLDR
The structure of the lignin in wheat straw has been investigated by a combination of analytical pyrolysis, 2D-NMR, and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage, and a major new finding is that the flavone tricin is apparently incorporated intoThe lignins.Abstract:
The structure of the lignin in wheat straw has been investigated by a combination of analytical pyrolysis, 2D-NMR, and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC). It is a p-hydroxyphenyl-guaiacyl-syringyl lignin (with an H:G:S ratio of 6:64:30) associated with p-coumarates and ferulates. 2D-NMR indicated that the main substructures present are β-O-4′-ethers (∼75%), followed by phenylcoumarans (∼11%), with lower amounts of other typical units. A major new finding is that the flavone tricin is apparently incorporated into the lignins. NMR and DFRC indicated that the lignin is partially acylated (∼10%) at the γ-carbon, predominantly with acetates that preferentially acylate guaiacyl (12%) rather than syringyl (1%) units; in dicots, acetylation is predominantly on syringyl units. p-Coumarate esters were barely detectable (<1%) on monomer conjugates released by selectively cleaving β-ethers in DFRC, indicating that they might be preferentially involved in condensed or terminal structures.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemicals from lignin: an interplay of lignocellulose fractionation, depolymerisation, and upgrading
Wouter Schutyser,Wouter Schutyser,Tom Renders,S. Van den Bosch,S.-F. Koelewijn,Gregg T. Beckham,Bert F. Sels +6 more
TL;DR: This review provides a summary and perspective of the extensive research that has been devoted to each of these three interconnected biorefinery aspects, ranging from industrially well-established techniques to the latest cutting edge innovations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Paving the Way for Lignin Valorisation: Recent Advances in Bioengineering, Biorefining and Catalysis.
Roberto Rinaldi,Robin Jastrzebski,Matthew T. Clough,John Ralph,Marco Kennema,Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx,Bert M. Weckhuysen +6 more
TL;DR: This review provides a “beginning‐to‐end” analysis of the recent advances reported in lignin valorisation, with particular emphasis on the improved understanding of lign in's biosynthesis and structure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lignins: Biosynthesis and Biological Functions in Plants
Qingquan Liu,Le Luo,Luqing Zheng +2 more
TL;DR: It is hoped this review will give an in-depth understanding of the important roles of lignin biosynthesis in various plants’ biological processes and provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of lIGNin content and composition in energy plants and crops.
Journal ArticleDOI
New insights into the structure and composition of technical lignins: a comparative characterisation study
Sandra Constant,Hans Wienk,Augustinus Emmanuel Frissen,Peter de Peinder,Rolf Boelens,Daan S. van Es,R.J.H. Grisel,Bert M. Weckhuysen,Wouter J. J. Huijgen,Richard J.A. Gosselink,Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of nine SEC methods, including the first analysis of lignins with commercial alkaline SEC columns, showed molar masses to vary considerably, allowing some recommendations to be made.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent Advances in Characterization of Lignin Polymer by Solution-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Methodology.
TL;DR: The demand for efficient utilization of biomass induces a detailed analysis of the fundamental chemical structures of biomass, especially the complex structures of lignin polymers, which have long been recognized for their negative impact on biorefinery.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials
Arthur J. Ragauskas,Charlotte K. Williams,Brian H. Davison,George J. P. Britovsek,John Cairney,Charles A. Eckert,William J. Frederick,Jason P. Hallett,David J. Leak,Charles L. Liotta,Jonathan R. Mielenz,Richard J. Murphy,Richard H. Templer,Timothy J. Tschaplinski +13 more
TL;DR: The integration of agroenergy crops and biorefinery manufacturing technologies offers the potential for the development of sustainable biopower and biomaterials that will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass
A.T.W.M. Hendriks,Grietje Zeeman +1 more
TL;DR: Steam pretreatment, lime pret treatment, liquid hot water pretreatments and ammonia based Pretreatments are concluded to be pretreatment with high potentials, providing an improved accessibility of the cellulose for hydrolytic enzymes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global potential bioethanol production from wasted crops and crop residues
Seungdo Kim,Bruce E. Dale +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the global annual potential bioethanol production from the major crops, corn, barley, oat, rice, wheat, sorghum, and sugar cane, is estimated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomass pretreatment: fundamentals toward application
TL;DR: A survey of biomass pret treatment technologies with emphasis on concepts, mechanism of action and practicability, and the potential for industrial applications of different pretreatment technologies are the highlights of this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bioethanol production from agricultural wastes: An overview
TL;DR: In this article, a review of available technologies for bioethanol production from agricultural wastes is discussed, which can increase concentrations of fermentable sugars after enzymatic saccharification, thereby improving the efficiency of the whole process.
Related Papers (5)
Solution-state 2D NMR of ball-milled plant cell wall gels in DMSO-d6/pyridine-d5
Hoon Kim,John Ralph +1 more