Structure of RSV Fusion Glycoprotein Trimer Bound to a Prefusion-Specific Neutralizing Antibody

TLDR: Preference-specific antibodies that were substantially more potent than the prophylactic antibody palivizumab were identified, which should enable design of improved vaccine antigens and define new targets for passive prevention of RSV-induced disease.

Abstract: The prefusion state of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) glycoprotein is the target of most RSV-neutralizing activity in human sera, but its metastability has hindered characterization. To overcome this obstacle, we identified prefusion-specific antibodies that were substantially more potent than the prophylactic antibody palivizumab. The cocrystal structure for one of these antibodies, D25, in complex with the F glycoprotein revealed D25 to lock F in its prefusion state by binding to a quaternary epitope at the trimer apex. Electron microscopy showed that two other antibodies, AM22 and 5C4, also bound to the newly identified site of vulnerability, which we named antigenic site O. These studies should enable design of improved vaccine antigens and define new targets for passive prevention of RSV-induced disease.