Journal ArticleDOI
Suicide prevention strategies: a systematic review.
J. John Mann,Alan Apter,José Manoel Bertolote,Annette L. Beautrais,Dianne Currier,Ann Pollinger Haas,Ulrich Hegerl,Jouko Lönnqvist,Kevin M. Malone,Andrej Marusic,Lars Mehlum,George C Patton,Michael R. Phillips,Wolfgang Rutz,Zoltán Rihmer,Armin Schmidtke,David Shaffer,Morton M. Silverman,Yoshitomo Takahashi,Airi Värnik,Danuta Wasserman,Paul S. F. Yip,Herbert Hendin +22 more
TLDR
Physician education in depression recognition and treatment and restricting access to lethal methods reduce suicide rates, and other interventions need more evidence of efficacy.Abstract:
ContextIn 2002, an estimated 877 000 lives were lost worldwide through
suicide. Some developed nations have implemented national suicide prevention
plans. Although these plans generally propose multiple interventions, their
effectiveness is rarely evaluated.ObjectivesTo examine evidence for the effectiveness of specific suicide-preventive
interventions and to make recommendations for future prevention programs and
research.Data Sources and Study SelectionRelevant publications were identified via electronic searches of MEDLINE,
the Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO databases using multiple search terms
related to suicide prevention. Studies, published between 1966 and June 2005,
included those that evaluated preventative interventions in major domains;
education and awareness for the general public and for professionals; screening
tools for at-risk individuals; treatment of psychiatric disorders; restricting
access to lethal means; and responsible media reporting of suicide.Data ExtractionData were extracted on primary outcomes of interest: suicidal behavior
(completion, attempt, ideation), intermediary or secondary outcomes (treatment
seeking, identification of at-risk individuals, antidepressant prescription/use
rates, referrals), or both. Experts from 15 countries reviewed all studies.
Included articles were those that reported on completed and attempted suicide
and suicidal ideation; or, where applicable, intermediate outcomes, including
help-seeking behavior, identification of at-risk individuals, entry into treatment,
and antidepressant prescription rates. We included 3 major types of studies
for which the research question was clearly defined: systematic reviews and
meta-analyses (n = 10); quantitative studies, either randomized
controlled trials (n = 18) or cohort studies (n = 24);
and ecological, or population- based studies (n = 41). Heterogeneity
of study populations and methodology did not permit formal meta-analysis;
thus, a narrative synthesis is presented.Data SynthesisEducation of physicians and restricting access to lethal means were
found to prevent suicide. Other methods including public education, screening
programs, and media education need more testing.ConclusionsPhysician education in depression recognition and treatment and restricting
access to lethal methods reduce suicide rates. Other interventions need more
evidence of efficacy. Ascertaining which components of suicide prevention
programs are effective in reducing rates of suicide and suicide attempt is
essential in order to optimize use of limited resources.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The European Alliance Against Depression: A Multilevel Approach to the Prevention of Suicidal Behavior
Ulrich Hegerl,Lisa Wittenburg,Katrin Gottlebe,Ella Arensman,Chantal Van Audenhove,Jean Herve Bouleau,Christina M. van der Feltz-Cornelis,Giancarlo Giupponi,Ricardo Gusmão,Mária Kopp,Andrej Marusic,Margaret Maxwell,Ullrich Meise,Högni Óskarsson,Charles B. Pull,Armin Schmidtke,Victor Perez Sola,Jyrki Tuulari,Airi Värnik +18 more
TL;DR: The European Alliance Against Depression (EAAD) was formed in 2004 with funding from the European Commission and is currently active in 17 countries, creating community-based networks that use an evidence-based approach to improving care for depressed persons and preventing suicidality as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Self-harm throughout all life cycles: profile of victims using urgent and emergency care services in Brazilian state capitals.
Camila Alves Bahia,Joviana Quintes Avanci,Liana Wernersbach Pinto,Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo +3 more
TL;DR: The results showed that almost 10% of the surveyed cases that were treated by emergency medical services in relation to violence were due to self-inflicted injuries: of particular note were the cases involving females and adults.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characteristics of U.S. suicide decedents in 2005-2010 who had received mental health treatment.
TL;DR: For nearly a third of all suicide decedents, better mental health care might have prevented death, and efforts to reduce access to lethal doses of prescription medications seem warranted to prevent overdosing with commonly prescribed substances.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Role of Stigma and Denormalization in Suicide-Prevention Laws in East Asia: A Sociocultural, Historical, and Ethical Perspective.
TL;DR: The term weak denormalization is proposed to refer to an ethically permissible strategy at the mildest end of a spectrum of denormalizing approaches, and diametrically opposed to outright stigmatization, which is generally considered ethically impermissible.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intentional injury mortality in the European Union: how many more lives could be saved?
David H. Stone,Susanne Jeffrey,Nick Dessypris,Spyros Kyllekidis,Parveen Chishti,Fotios C. Papadopoulos,Eleni Petridou +6 more
TL;DR: Many lives lost through injury might be saved if all countries were to achieve the lowest intentional injury mortality rates reported in the EU.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Collaborative management to achieve treatment guidelines : impact on depression in primary care
Wayne Katon,Michael Von Korff,Elizabeth H. B. Lin,Edward A. Walker,Greg Simon,Terry Bush,Patricia Robinson,Joan Russo +7 more
TL;DR: A multifaceted intervention consisting of collaborative management by the primary care physician and a consulting psychiatrist, intensive patient education, and surveillance of continued refills of antidepressant medication improved adherence to antidepressant regimens in patients with major and with minor depression and resulted in more favorable depressive outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contact with mental health and primary care providers before suicide: A review of the evidence
TL;DR: Alternative approaches to suicide-prevention efforts may be needed for those less likely to be seen in primary care or mental health specialty care, specifically young men.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Hundred Cases of Suicide: Clinical Aspects
TL;DR: Two recent American studies have shown more than 90 per cent of suicides to be mentally ill before their death, and the familiar clinical observation that suicidal thoughts disappear when the illness is successfully treated provide a strong case for a medical policy of prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychiatric Diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Suicide
David Shaffer,Madelyn S. Gould,Prudence W. Fisher,Paul D. Trautman,Donna Moreau,Marjorie Kleinman,Michael Flory +6 more
TL;DR: A limited range of diagnoses--most commonly a mood disorder alone or in combination with conduct disorder and/or substance abuse--characterizes most suicides among teenagers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Youth suicide risk and preventive interventions: A review of the past 10 years.
TL;DR: While tremendous strides have been made in understanding of who is at risk for suicide, it is incumbent upon future research efforts to focus on the development and evaluation of empirically based suicide prevention and treatment protocols.