Journal ArticleDOI
Suicide prevention strategies: a systematic review.
J. John Mann,Alan Apter,José Manoel Bertolote,Annette L. Beautrais,Dianne Currier,Ann Pollinger Haas,Ulrich Hegerl,Jouko Lönnqvist,Kevin M. Malone,Andrej Marusic,Lars Mehlum,George C Patton,Michael R. Phillips,Wolfgang Rutz,Zoltán Rihmer,Armin Schmidtke,David Shaffer,Morton M. Silverman,Yoshitomo Takahashi,Airi Värnik,Danuta Wasserman,Paul S. F. Yip,Herbert Hendin +22 more
TLDR
Physician education in depression recognition and treatment and restricting access to lethal methods reduce suicide rates, and other interventions need more evidence of efficacy.Abstract:
ContextIn 2002, an estimated 877 000 lives were lost worldwide through
suicide. Some developed nations have implemented national suicide prevention
plans. Although these plans generally propose multiple interventions, their
effectiveness is rarely evaluated.ObjectivesTo examine evidence for the effectiveness of specific suicide-preventive
interventions and to make recommendations for future prevention programs and
research.Data Sources and Study SelectionRelevant publications were identified via electronic searches of MEDLINE,
the Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO databases using multiple search terms
related to suicide prevention. Studies, published between 1966 and June 2005,
included those that evaluated preventative interventions in major domains;
education and awareness for the general public and for professionals; screening
tools for at-risk individuals; treatment of psychiatric disorders; restricting
access to lethal means; and responsible media reporting of suicide.Data ExtractionData were extracted on primary outcomes of interest: suicidal behavior
(completion, attempt, ideation), intermediary or secondary outcomes (treatment
seeking, identification of at-risk individuals, antidepressant prescription/use
rates, referrals), or both. Experts from 15 countries reviewed all studies.
Included articles were those that reported on completed and attempted suicide
and suicidal ideation; or, where applicable, intermediate outcomes, including
help-seeking behavior, identification of at-risk individuals, entry into treatment,
and antidepressant prescription rates. We included 3 major types of studies
for which the research question was clearly defined: systematic reviews and
meta-analyses (n = 10); quantitative studies, either randomized
controlled trials (n = 18) or cohort studies (n = 24);
and ecological, or population- based studies (n = 41). Heterogeneity
of study populations and methodology did not permit formal meta-analysis;
thus, a narrative synthesis is presented.Data SynthesisEducation of physicians and restricting access to lethal means were
found to prevent suicide. Other methods including public education, screening
programs, and media education need more testing.ConclusionsPhysician education in depression recognition and treatment and restricting
access to lethal methods reduce suicide rates. Other interventions need more
evidence of efficacy. Ascertaining which components of suicide prevention
programs are effective in reducing rates of suicide and suicide attempt is
essential in order to optimize use of limited resources.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Depression knowledge in high school students: Effectiveness of the adolescent depression awareness program
TL;DR: A school-based educational intervention improved knowledge about depression and attitudes toward help-seeking in adolescents and future studies should investigate if such change in knowledge results in help- seeking behaviors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suicide in the army national guard: an empirical inquiry.
TL;DR: In this paper, the primary variables associated with suicide were soldier background characteristics, including age (17-24 years), race (White), and gender (male), and cluster analysis revealed two distinct suicide groups: careerists and first-termers.
Journal ArticleDOI
A community-based cluster randomised trial of safe storage to reduce pesticide self-poisoning in rural Sri Lanka: study protocol.
Melissa Pearson,Melissa Pearson,Flemming Konradsen,Flemming Konradsen,David Gunnell,David Gunnell,Andrew H. Dawson,Andrew H. Dawson,Ravi Pieris,Manjula Weerasinghe,Duleeka Knipe,Shaluka Jayamanne,Chris Metcalfe,Keith Hawton,A Rajitha Wickramasinghe,W Atapattu,Palitha Bandara,Dhammika de Silva,Asanga Ranasinghe,Fahim Mohamed,Nicholas A. Buckley,Nicholas A. Buckley,Indika Gawarammana,Michael Eddleston,Michael Eddleston +24 more
TL;DR: A large effectiveness study of a community intervention to reduce the burden of intentional poisoning in rural Sri Lanka and discusses issues in relation to randomisation and contamination, engaging control villages, the intervention, and strategies to improve adherence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Outcomes of a suicide prevention gatekeeper training program among school personnel.
TL;DR: Although the current findings are promising, more rigorous evaluations employing randomized controlled research designs are warranted to adequately determine the effectiveness of the MEP program.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suicide in lung cancer: who is at risk?
TL;DR: Patients with lung cancer have a higher risk for suicide compared with the general US population, especially within 3 months of diagnosis, and a concerning proportion of suicides occurs in potentially curable patients, highlighting the need for effective screening strategies to avoid this preventable cause of death.
References
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Collaborative management to achieve treatment guidelines : impact on depression in primary care
Wayne Katon,Michael Von Korff,Elizabeth H. B. Lin,Edward A. Walker,Greg Simon,Terry Bush,Patricia Robinson,Joan Russo +7 more
TL;DR: A multifaceted intervention consisting of collaborative management by the primary care physician and a consulting psychiatrist, intensive patient education, and surveillance of continued refills of antidepressant medication improved adherence to antidepressant regimens in patients with major and with minor depression and resulted in more favorable depressive outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contact with mental health and primary care providers before suicide: A review of the evidence
TL;DR: Alternative approaches to suicide-prevention efforts may be needed for those less likely to be seen in primary care or mental health specialty care, specifically young men.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Hundred Cases of Suicide: Clinical Aspects
TL;DR: Two recent American studies have shown more than 90 per cent of suicides to be mentally ill before their death, and the familiar clinical observation that suicidal thoughts disappear when the illness is successfully treated provide a strong case for a medical policy of prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychiatric Diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Suicide
David Shaffer,Madelyn S. Gould,Prudence W. Fisher,Paul D. Trautman,Donna Moreau,Marjorie Kleinman,Michael Flory +6 more
TL;DR: A limited range of diagnoses--most commonly a mood disorder alone or in combination with conduct disorder and/or substance abuse--characterizes most suicides among teenagers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Youth suicide risk and preventive interventions: A review of the past 10 years.
TL;DR: While tremendous strides have been made in understanding of who is at risk for suicide, it is incumbent upon future research efforts to focus on the development and evaluation of empirically based suicide prevention and treatment protocols.