Journal ArticleDOI
Suicide prevention strategies: a systematic review.
J. John Mann,Alan Apter,José Manoel Bertolote,Annette L. Beautrais,Dianne Currier,Ann Pollinger Haas,Ulrich Hegerl,Jouko Lönnqvist,Kevin M. Malone,Andrej Marusic,Lars Mehlum,George C Patton,Michael R. Phillips,Wolfgang Rutz,Zoltán Rihmer,Armin Schmidtke,David Shaffer,Morton M. Silverman,Yoshitomo Takahashi,Airi Värnik,Danuta Wasserman,Paul S. F. Yip,Herbert Hendin +22 more
TLDR
Physician education in depression recognition and treatment and restricting access to lethal methods reduce suicide rates, and other interventions need more evidence of efficacy.Abstract:
ContextIn 2002, an estimated 877 000 lives were lost worldwide through
suicide. Some developed nations have implemented national suicide prevention
plans. Although these plans generally propose multiple interventions, their
effectiveness is rarely evaluated.ObjectivesTo examine evidence for the effectiveness of specific suicide-preventive
interventions and to make recommendations for future prevention programs and
research.Data Sources and Study SelectionRelevant publications were identified via electronic searches of MEDLINE,
the Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO databases using multiple search terms
related to suicide prevention. Studies, published between 1966 and June 2005,
included those that evaluated preventative interventions in major domains;
education and awareness for the general public and for professionals; screening
tools for at-risk individuals; treatment of psychiatric disorders; restricting
access to lethal means; and responsible media reporting of suicide.Data ExtractionData were extracted on primary outcomes of interest: suicidal behavior
(completion, attempt, ideation), intermediary or secondary outcomes (treatment
seeking, identification of at-risk individuals, antidepressant prescription/use
rates, referrals), or both. Experts from 15 countries reviewed all studies.
Included articles were those that reported on completed and attempted suicide
and suicidal ideation; or, where applicable, intermediate outcomes, including
help-seeking behavior, identification of at-risk individuals, entry into treatment,
and antidepressant prescription rates. We included 3 major types of studies
for which the research question was clearly defined: systematic reviews and
meta-analyses (n = 10); quantitative studies, either randomized
controlled trials (n = 18) or cohort studies (n = 24);
and ecological, or population- based studies (n = 41). Heterogeneity
of study populations and methodology did not permit formal meta-analysis;
thus, a narrative synthesis is presented.Data SynthesisEducation of physicians and restricting access to lethal means were
found to prevent suicide. Other methods including public education, screening
programs, and media education need more testing.ConclusionsPhysician education in depression recognition and treatment and restricting
access to lethal methods reduce suicide rates. Other interventions need more
evidence of efficacy. Ascertaining which components of suicide prevention
programs are effective in reducing rates of suicide and suicide attempt is
essential in order to optimize use of limited resources.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
An Intervention and Follow-Up Study Following a Suicide Attempt in the Emergency Departments of Four General Hospitals in Shenyang, China
Shengnan Wei,Lei Liu,Bo Bi,Haiyan Li,Jinglin Hou,Shanyong Tan,Xiaoming Chen,Wenxue Chen,Xiaoju Jia,Guang-Hui Dong,Xiaoxia Qin,Yunbo Liu +11 more
TL;DR: Interventions cannot be evaluated accurately in their preventing suicide attempts for patients who have attempted suicide in China at present because most participants in the cognitive therapy group refused to receive cognitive therapy so that the effect of cognitive therapy for these patients cannot be evaluation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Is self-immolation a distinct method for suicide? A comparison of Iranian patients attempting suicide by self-immolation and by poisoning.
TL;DR: In Iran, patients who attempt suicide by self-immolation have distinct and specific risk factors compared to patients who commit suicide by poisoning, which have implications for intervention development targeting at-risk populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term trends of suicide by choice of method in Norway: a joinpoint regression analysis of data from 1969 to 2012
TL;DR: Different time trends for different suicide methods with significant reductions in suicide by firearms, drowning and poisoning after the peak in the suicide rate in the late 1980s are demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Implementing a Mental Health Ministry Committee in Faith-Based Organizations: The Promoting Emotional Wellness and Spirituality Program
TL;DR: Key lessons learned are to initially form partnerships with church staff if there is not a preexisting relationship with the lead pastor, to utilize a community-based participatory approach, and to have flexibility in program implementation.
Journal ArticleDOI
High and low suicidality in Europe: a fine-grained comparison of France and Spain within the ESEMeD surveys
V. Kovess-Masfety,Anders Boyd,Anders Boyd,Anders Boyd,Josep Maria Haro,Ronny Bruffaerts,Gemma Villagut,Jean Pierre Lepine,Isabelle Gasquet,Jordi Alonso +9 more
TL;DR: Suicidality risk-factors play different roles across genders between France and Spain, and parental bonding dimensions may be interpreted differently according to country, underlining cultural importance.
References
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Collaborative management to achieve treatment guidelines : impact on depression in primary care
Wayne Katon,Michael Von Korff,Elizabeth H. B. Lin,Edward A. Walker,Greg Simon,Terry Bush,Patricia Robinson,Joan Russo +7 more
TL;DR: A multifaceted intervention consisting of collaborative management by the primary care physician and a consulting psychiatrist, intensive patient education, and surveillance of continued refills of antidepressant medication improved adherence to antidepressant regimens in patients with major and with minor depression and resulted in more favorable depressive outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contact with mental health and primary care providers before suicide: A review of the evidence
TL;DR: Alternative approaches to suicide-prevention efforts may be needed for those less likely to be seen in primary care or mental health specialty care, specifically young men.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Hundred Cases of Suicide: Clinical Aspects
TL;DR: Two recent American studies have shown more than 90 per cent of suicides to be mentally ill before their death, and the familiar clinical observation that suicidal thoughts disappear when the illness is successfully treated provide a strong case for a medical policy of prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychiatric Diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Suicide
David Shaffer,Madelyn S. Gould,Prudence W. Fisher,Paul D. Trautman,Donna Moreau,Marjorie Kleinman,Michael Flory +6 more
TL;DR: A limited range of diagnoses--most commonly a mood disorder alone or in combination with conduct disorder and/or substance abuse--characterizes most suicides among teenagers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Youth suicide risk and preventive interventions: A review of the past 10 years.
TL;DR: While tremendous strides have been made in understanding of who is at risk for suicide, it is incumbent upon future research efforts to focus on the development and evaluation of empirically based suicide prevention and treatment protocols.