Journal ArticleDOI
Suicide prevention strategies: a systematic review.
J. John Mann,Alan Apter,José Manoel Bertolote,Annette L. Beautrais,Dianne Currier,Ann Pollinger Haas,Ulrich Hegerl,Jouko Lönnqvist,Kevin M. Malone,Andrej Marusic,Lars Mehlum,George C Patton,Michael R. Phillips,Wolfgang Rutz,Zoltán Rihmer,Armin Schmidtke,David Shaffer,Morton M. Silverman,Yoshitomo Takahashi,Airi Värnik,Danuta Wasserman,Paul S. F. Yip,Herbert Hendin +22 more
TLDR
Physician education in depression recognition and treatment and restricting access to lethal methods reduce suicide rates, and other interventions need more evidence of efficacy.Abstract:
ContextIn 2002, an estimated 877 000 lives were lost worldwide through
suicide. Some developed nations have implemented national suicide prevention
plans. Although these plans generally propose multiple interventions, their
effectiveness is rarely evaluated.ObjectivesTo examine evidence for the effectiveness of specific suicide-preventive
interventions and to make recommendations for future prevention programs and
research.Data Sources and Study SelectionRelevant publications were identified via electronic searches of MEDLINE,
the Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO databases using multiple search terms
related to suicide prevention. Studies, published between 1966 and June 2005,
included those that evaluated preventative interventions in major domains;
education and awareness for the general public and for professionals; screening
tools for at-risk individuals; treatment of psychiatric disorders; restricting
access to lethal means; and responsible media reporting of suicide.Data ExtractionData were extracted on primary outcomes of interest: suicidal behavior
(completion, attempt, ideation), intermediary or secondary outcomes (treatment
seeking, identification of at-risk individuals, antidepressant prescription/use
rates, referrals), or both. Experts from 15 countries reviewed all studies.
Included articles were those that reported on completed and attempted suicide
and suicidal ideation; or, where applicable, intermediate outcomes, including
help-seeking behavior, identification of at-risk individuals, entry into treatment,
and antidepressant prescription rates. We included 3 major types of studies
for which the research question was clearly defined: systematic reviews and
meta-analyses (n = 10); quantitative studies, either randomized
controlled trials (n = 18) or cohort studies (n = 24);
and ecological, or population- based studies (n = 41). Heterogeneity
of study populations and methodology did not permit formal meta-analysis;
thus, a narrative synthesis is presented.Data SynthesisEducation of physicians and restricting access to lethal means were
found to prevent suicide. Other methods including public education, screening
programs, and media education need more testing.ConclusionsPhysician education in depression recognition and treatment and restricting
access to lethal methods reduce suicide rates. Other interventions need more
evidence of efficacy. Ascertaining which components of suicide prevention
programs are effective in reducing rates of suicide and suicide attempt is
essential in order to optimize use of limited resources.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sustained Effectiveness of the Mental Health Environment of Care Checklist to Decrease Inpatient Suicide.
TL;DR: The MHEOCC was associated with a sustained reduction in suicides occurring on inpatient mental health units and there was no loss of effect in the seven years after implementation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dealing with suicidal patients – a challenging task: a qualitative study of young physicians' experiences
TL;DR: An examination of the experiences of young physicians treating suicidal patients reveals three main themes that were a professional challenge for them: Striving for relatedness, Intervening competently and Being emotionally involved.
Journal ArticleDOI
High school suicide in South Africa: teachers’ knowledge, views and training needs
TL;DR: Teachers in Limpopo Province need to be trained to identify students at risk, and to respond to situations by referring individuals at risk to appropriate mental health professionals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Community pharmacists and the assessment and management of suicide risk.
Andrea L. Murphy,David M. Gardner,David M. Gardner,David M. Gardner,Timothy F. Chen,Timothy F. Chen,Timothy F. Chen,Claire L. O’Reilly,Claire L. O’Reilly,Claire L. O’Reilly,Stan P. Kutcher,Stan P. Kutcher,Stan P. Kutcher +12 more
TL;DR: The recent canadian federal framework for suicide Prevention Act identifies suicide as a national public health issue that requires federal, provincial, territorial and nongovernmental organization cooperation and action and the potential contribution of community pharmacists in suicide prevention strategies is not well recognized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insomnia brings soldiers into mental health treatment, predicts treatment engagement, and outperforms other suicide-related symptoms as a predictor of major depressive episodes.
Melanie A. Hom,Ingrid C. Lim,Ian H. Stanley,Bruno Chiurliza,Matthew C. Podlogar,Matthew S. Michaels,Jennifer M. Buchman-Schmitt,Caroline Silva,Jessica D. Ribeiro,Thomas E. Joiner +9 more
TL;DR: Assessment of sleep problems might be useful in identifying at-risk military service members who may engage in mental health treatment, and suicide-relevant factors that predict treatment engagement and treatment adherence in a military sample are identified.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Collaborative management to achieve treatment guidelines : impact on depression in primary care
Wayne Katon,Michael Von Korff,Elizabeth H. B. Lin,Edward A. Walker,Greg Simon,Terry Bush,Patricia Robinson,Joan Russo +7 more
TL;DR: A multifaceted intervention consisting of collaborative management by the primary care physician and a consulting psychiatrist, intensive patient education, and surveillance of continued refills of antidepressant medication improved adherence to antidepressant regimens in patients with major and with minor depression and resulted in more favorable depressive outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contact with mental health and primary care providers before suicide: A review of the evidence
TL;DR: Alternative approaches to suicide-prevention efforts may be needed for those less likely to be seen in primary care or mental health specialty care, specifically young men.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Hundred Cases of Suicide: Clinical Aspects
TL;DR: Two recent American studies have shown more than 90 per cent of suicides to be mentally ill before their death, and the familiar clinical observation that suicidal thoughts disappear when the illness is successfully treated provide a strong case for a medical policy of prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychiatric Diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Suicide
David Shaffer,Madelyn S. Gould,Prudence W. Fisher,Paul D. Trautman,Donna Moreau,Marjorie Kleinman,Michael Flory +6 more
TL;DR: A limited range of diagnoses--most commonly a mood disorder alone or in combination with conduct disorder and/or substance abuse--characterizes most suicides among teenagers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Youth suicide risk and preventive interventions: A review of the past 10 years.
TL;DR: While tremendous strides have been made in understanding of who is at risk for suicide, it is incumbent upon future research efforts to focus on the development and evaluation of empirically based suicide prevention and treatment protocols.