Journal ArticleDOI
Supramolecular structure of the Salmonella typhimurium type III protein secretion system.
Tomoko Kubori,Yukiyasu Matsushima,Yukiyasu Matsushima,Dai Nakamura,Dai Nakamura,Jaimol Uralil,Jaimol Uralil,Maria Lara-Tejero,Maria Lara-Tejero,Anand Sukhan,Anand Sukhan,Jorge E. Galán,Jorge E. Galán,Shin-Ichi Aizawa,Shin-Ichi Aizawa +14 more
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TLDR
Electron microscopy revealed supramolecular structures spanning the inner and outer membranes of flagellated and nonflagllated strains; such structures were not detected in strains carrying null mutations in components of the type III apparatus.Abstract:
The type III secretion system of Salmonella typhimurium directs the translocation of proteins into host cells. Evolutionarily related to the flagellar assembly machinery, this system is also present in other pathogenic bacteria, but its organization is unknown. Electron microscopy revealed supramolecular structures spanning the inner and outer membranes of flagellated and nonflagellated strains; such structures were not detected in strains carrying null mutations in components of the type III apparatus. Isolated structures were found to contain at least three proteins of this secretion system. Thus, the type III apparatus of S. typhimurium, and presumably other bacteria, exists as a supramolecular structure in the bacterial envelope.read more
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The Bacterial Cell Envelope
TL;DR: The bacteria cell envelope is a complex multilayered structure that serves to protect these organisms from their unpredictable and often hostile environment.
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The Rotary Motor of Bacterial Flagella
TL;DR: Flagellated bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, swim by rotating thin helical filaments, each driven at its base by a reversible rotary motor, powered by an ion flux.
Journal ArticleDOI
Type III Secretion Machines: Bacterial Devices for Protein Delivery into Host Cells
Jorge E. Galán,Alan Collmer +1 more
TL;DR: Several Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria have evolved a complex protein secretion system termed type III to deliver bacterial effector proteins into host cells that then modulate host cellular functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogenicity Islands and the Evolution of Microbes
Jörg Hacker,James B. Kaper +1 more
TL;DR: Genomic islands are present in the majority of genomes of pathogenic as well as nonpathogenic bacteria and may encode accessory functions which have been previously spread among bacterial populations and are argued for the generation of pathogenicity islands by horizontal gene transfer.
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Cloned pigs produced by nuclear transfer from adult somatic cells
Irina A. Polejaeva,Shu-Hung Chen,Todd Vaught,Raymond L. Page,June Mullins,Suyapa Ball,Yifan Dai,Jeremy Boone,Shawn Walker,David Ayares,Alan Colman,Keith H.S. Campbell +11 more
TL;DR: The successful production of cloned piglets from a cultured adult somatic cell population using a new nuclear transfer procedure is reported and the methodology used for embryo reconstruction in each of these species is essentially similar.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Aromatic-dependent Salmonella typhimurium are non-virulent and effective as live vaccines.
TL;DR: The use of a tetracycline-resistance transposon, Tn10 (refs 5, 6), inserted in gene aroA to produce non-reverting, aromatic-requiring derivatives of virulent S. typhimurium strains were virtually non-virulent; their use as live vaccines conferred excellent protection against challenge with a virulent strain.
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Identification of a virulence locus encoding a second type III secretion system in Salmonella typhimurium
TL;DR: The Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) 1 and the new locus as SPI2 were identified in this article, where the insertion points of 16 signature-tagged transposon mutants were mapped to identify a 40-kb virulence gene cluster at minute 30.7.
Identification of a virulence locus encoding a second type III secretion system in Salmonella typhimurium (bacterial pathogenesisypathogenicity islandymurine typhoidysecretionysignature-tagged mutagenesis)
TL;DR: The newly identified SPI2 locus has a lower G+C content than that of the remainder of the Salmonella genome and is flanked by genes whose products share greater than 90% identity with those of the E. coli ydhE and pykF genes.
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Hrp pilus: An hrp-dependent bacterial surface appendage produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000
Elina Roine,Wensheng Wei,Jing Yuan,Eeva-Liisa Nurmiaho-Lassila,Nisse Kalkkinen,Martin Romantschuk,Sheng Yang He +6 more
TL;DR: The finding of the Hrp pilus suggests that surface appendage formation is a common feature of animal and plant pathogenic bacteria in the infection of eukaryotic cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Salmonella typhimurium invasion genes invF and invG encode homologues of the AraC and PulD family of proteins
TL;DR: Two novel Salmonella typhimurium genes, invF and invG, which are required for the efficient entry of these organisms into cultured epithelial cells are identified and homology suggests that InvG may be necessary for the export of invasion‐related determinants or involved in the assembly of a supramolecular structure that promotes entry.