Survivability, Partitioning, and Recovery of Enveloped Viruses in Untreated Municipal Wastewater
TLDR
It is shown that MHV and ϕ6 remained infective on the time scale of days and the presented methods will enable future research on enveloped viruses in water environments.Abstract:
Many of the devastating pandemics and outbreaks of the 20th and 21st centuries have involved enveloped viruses, including influenza, HIV, SARS, MERS, and Ebola. However, little is known about the presence and fate of enveloped viruses in municipal wastewater. Here, we compared the survival and partitioning behavior of two model enveloped viruses (MHV and ϕ6) and two nonenveloped bacteriophages (MS2 and T3) in raw wastewater samples. We showed that MHV and ϕ6 remained infective on the time scale of days. Up to 26% of the two enveloped viruses adsorbed to the solid fraction of wastewater compared to 6% of the two nonenveloped viruses. Based on this partitioning behavior, we assessed and optimized methods for recovering enveloped viruses from wastewater. Our optimized ultrafiltration method resulted in mean recoveries (±SD) of 25.1% (±3.6%) and 18.2% (±9.5%) for the enveloped MHV and ϕ6, respectively, and mean recoveries of 55.6% (±16.7%) and 85.5% (±24.5%) for the nonenveloped MS2 and T3, respectively. A ma...read more
Citations
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First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: A proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community.
Warish Ahmed,Nicola Angel,Janette Edson,Kyle Bibby,Aaron Bivins,Jake W. O'Brien,Phil M. Choi,Masaaki Kitajima,Stuart L. Simpson,Jiaying Li,Benjamin J. Tscharke,Rory Verhagen,Wendy Smith,Julian Zaugg,Leanne Dierens,Philip Hugenholtz,Kevin V. Thomas,Jochen F. Mueller +17 more
TL;DR: The quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater affords the ability to monitor the prevalence of infections among the population via wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and highlights the viability of WBE for monitoring infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, in communities.
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Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 RNA in Sewage and Correlation with Reported COVID-19 Prevalence in the Early Stage of the Epidemic in the Netherlands
TL;DR: The detection of the virus RNA in sewage, even when the CO VID-19 prevalence is low, and the correlation between concentration in sewage and reported prevalence of COVID-19, indicate that sewage surveillance could be a sensitive tool to monitor the circulation of theirus in the population.
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SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: State of the knowledge and research needs.
Masaaki Kitajima,Warish Ahmed,Kyle Bibby,Annalaura Carducci,Charles P. Gerba,Kerry A. Hamilton,Eiji Haramoto,Joan B. Rose +7 more
TL;DR: There is an urgent need for further research to establish methodologies for wastewater surveillance and understand the implications of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.
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Temporal Detection and Phylogenetic Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in Municipal Wastewater.
Artem Nemudryi,Anna Nemudraia,Tanner Wiegand,Kevin Surya,Murat Buyukyoruk,Calvin Cicha,Karl K Vanderwood,Royce A. Wilkinson,Blake Wiedenheft +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that changes in SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations follow symptom onset gathered by retrospective interview of patients but precedes clinical test results, and how genome sequencing can be used for genotyping viral strains circulating in a community.
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Presence and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewaters and rivers.
Sara Giordana Rimoldi,Fabrizio Stefani,Anna Gigantiello,Stefano Polesello,Francesco Comandatore,Davide Mileto,Mafalda Maresca,Concetta Longobardi,Alessandro Mancon,Francesca Romeri,Cristina Pagani,Francesca Cappelli,Claudio Roscioli,Lorenzo Moja,Maria Rita Gismondo,Franco Salerno +15 more
TL;DR: Risks for public health should be limited, although a precautionary approach to risk assessment is here advocated, giving the preliminary nature of the presented data.
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