Journal ArticleDOI
Synthetic natural gas via integrated high-temperature electrolysis and methanation: Part II-Economic analysis
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TLDR
In this paper, the cost of producing synthetic natural gas and sensitivity scenarios around main economic variables are evaluated taking into account operational parameters such as pressure and temperature of the SOEC, and both state-of-the-art and target scenarios are defined to account for the expected enhanced technological maturity of SOEC technology that is expected to occur in the following decade.Abstract:
This part II work is built on the energy performance results of part I and focuses on the cost of producing synthetic natural gas and sensitivity scenarios around main economic variables. Capital costs for each plant section have been evaluated taking into account operational parameters such as pressure and temperature of the SOEC. The costing and financial methodology is based on a discounted cash flow analysis that was used to calculate the specific cost of synthetic natural gas (SNG) which ensures economic profitability of the investment. The co-electrolysis case has higher capital, operating and maintenance costs; however it shows a weaker dependence on the electricity cost due to its higher plant efficiency. The impact of key parameters such as electrolysis stack cost, cell degradation rate and carbon dioxide feedstock cost were further investigated. Both “state-of-the-art” and “target” scenarios were defined to account for the expected enhanced technological maturity of the SOEC technology that is expected to occur in the following decade. For the co-electrolysis case, break-even electricity prices (i.e., costs that yield an SNG cost comparable to that of fossil natural gas) of 8 $/MWh and 67 $/MWh were calculated for “state-of-the-art” and “target” scenarios, respectively.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review
M. Götz,J. Lefebvre,Friedemann Mörs,Amy McDaniel Koch,Frank Graf,Siegfried Bajohr,Rainer Reimert,Thomas Kolb +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the available electrolysis and methanation technologies with respect to the stringent requirements of the power-to-gas (PtG) chain such as low CAPEX, high efficiency, and high flexibility.
Journal ArticleDOI
Net-zero emissions energy systems
Steven J. Davis,Nathan S. Lewis,Matthew R. Shaner,Sonia Aggarwal,Douglas J. Arent,Douglas J. Arent,Inês Azevedo,Sally M. Benson,Thomas H. Bradley,Jack Brouwer,Yet-Ming Chiang,Christopher T. M. Clack,Armond Cohen,Stephen J. Doig,Jae Edmonds,Paul S. Fennell,Paul S. Fennell,Christopher B. Field,Bryan Hannegan,Bri-Mathias Hodge,Bri-Mathias Hodge,Bri-Mathias Hodge,Martin I. Hoffert,Eric Ingersoll,Paulina Jaramillo,Klaus S. Lackner,Katharine J. Mach,Michael D. Mastrandrea,Joan M. Ogden,Per F. Peterson,Daniel L. Sanchez,Daniel Sperling,Joseph Stagner,Jessika E. Trancik,Jessika E. Trancik,Chi Jen Yang,Ken Caldeira +36 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine barriers and opportunities associated with these difficult-to-decarbonize services and processes, including possible technological solutions and research and development priorities, and examine the use of existing technologies to meet future demands for these services without net addition of CO2 to the atmosphere.
Net-zero Emissions Energy Systems
Steven J. Davis,Nathan S. Lewis,Matthew R. Shaner,Sonia Aggarwal,Douglas J. Arent,Inês Azevedo,Sally M. Benson,Thomas H. Bradley,Jack Brouwer,Yet-Ming Chiang,Christopher T. M. Clack,Armond Cohen,Stephen J. Doig,Jae Edmonds,Paul S. Fennell,Christopher B. Field,Bryan Hannegan,Bri-Mathias Hodge,Martin I. Hoffert,Eric Ingersoll,Paulina Jaramillo,Klaus S. Lackner,Katharine J. Mach,Michael D. Mastrandrea,Joan M. Ogden,Per F. Peterson,Daniel L. Sanchez,Daniel Sperling,Joseph Stagner,Jessika E. Trancik,Chi Jen Yang,Ken Caldeira +31 more
TL;DR: The special challenges associated with an energy system that does not add any CO2 to the atmosphere (a net-zero emissions energy system) are reviewed and prominent technological opportunities and barriers for eliminating and/or managing emissions related to the difficult-to-decarbonize services are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of high temperature co-electrolysis of H2O and CO2 to produce sustainable fuels using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs): advanced materials and technology
TL;DR: Insight into CO2 electrochemical conversions, solid oxide cell material behaviors and degradation mechanisms are highlighted to obtain a better understanding of the high temperature electrolysis process in SOECs.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review at the role of storage in energy systems with a focus on Power to Gas and long-term storage
Herib Blanco,André Faaij +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of more than 60 studies (plus m4ore than 65 studies on P2G) on power and energy models based on simulation and optimization was done, based on these, for power systems with up to 95% renewables, the electricity storage size is found to be below 1.5% of the annual demand (in energy terms).
References
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