Journal ArticleDOI
TFOS DEWS II Sex, Gender, and Hormones Report
David A. Sullivan,Eduardo Rocha,Pasquale Aragona,Janine A. Clayton,Juan Ding,Blanka Golebiowski,Ulrike Hampel,Alison M. McDermott,Debra A. Schaumberg,Debra A. Schaumberg,Sruthi Srinivasan,Piera Versura,Mark D. P. Willcox +12 more
TLDR
Overall, sex, gender and hormones play a major role in the regulation of ocular surface and adnexal tissues, and in the difference in DED prevalence between women and men.Abstract:
One of the most compelling features of dry eye disease (DED) is that it occurs more frequently in women than men. In fact, the female sex is a significant risk factor for the development of DED. This sex-related difference in DED prevalence is attributed in large part to the effects of sex steroids (e.g. androgens, estrogens), hypothalamic-pituitary hormones, glucocorticoids, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and thyroid hormones, as well as to the sex chromosome complement, sex-specific autosomal factors and epigenetics (e.g. microRNAs). In addition to sex, gender also appears to be a risk factor for DED. "Gender" and "sex" are words that are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. "Gender" refers to a person's self-representation as a man or woman, whereas "sex" distinguishes males and females based on their biological characteristics. Both gender and sex affect DED risk, presentation of the disease, immune responses, pain, care-seeking behaviors, service utilization, and myriad other facets of eye health. Overall, sex, gender and hormones play a major role in the regulation of ocular surface and adnexal tissues, and in the difference in DED prevalence between women and men. The purpose of this Subcommittee report is to review and critique the nature of this role, as well as to recommend areas for future research to advance our understanding of the interrelationships between sex, gender, hormones and DED.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Age-related changes in ocular mucosal tolerance: Lessons learned from gut and respiratory tract immunity.
TL;DR: The ocular surface is the part of the visual system directly exposed to the environment, and it comprises the cornea, the first refractive tissue layer and its surrounding structures.
Journal ArticleDOI
TFOS lifestyle: Impact of societal challenges on the ocular surface
Fiona Stapleton,Juan Carlos Abad,Stefano Barabino,Anthea Burnett,Geetha Iyer,Kaevalin Lekhanont,Tianjing Li,Yang Li,Alejandro Navas,Chukwuemeka Junior Obinwanne,Riaz Qureshi,Danial Roshandel,Afsun Sahin,Anna A Tichenor,Lyndon Jones +14 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigating factors on ocular surface diseases were considered in a systematic review using a framework to characterize the relationship between the individual, their health and environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
TFOS lifestyle: Impact of lifestyle challenges on the ocular surface.
Anat Galor,Alexis Ceecee Britten-Jones,Yun Feng,Giulio Ferrari,David Goldblum,Preeya K. Gupta,Jesus Merayo-Lloves,Kyung Sun Na,Shehzad A. Naroo,Kelly K. Nichols,Eduardo Rocha,Louis Tong,Michael T.M. Wang,Jennifer P. Craig +13 more
TL;DR: In this article , a systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed available data and concluded that various chronic pain conditions increased the risk of dry eye disease with odds ratios ranging from 1.60 to 2.16, highlighting the need for additional studies examining the impact of chronic pain on DED signs and subtype (evaporative versus aqueous deficient).
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotic treatment for dry eye disease related to meibomian gland dysfunction and blepharitis - A review.
Ragnheidur R. Vernhardsdottir,Morten Schjerven Magno,Leif Hynnekleiv,Neil Lagali,Darlene A. Dartt,Jelle Vehof,C. Jackson,Tor Paaske Utheim +7 more
TL;DR: A literature search was conducted on November 15th, 2021, in the PubMed database as discussed by the authors to critically evaluate the use of oral and topical antibiotics in DED management, finding that they appeared to have short-term positive effects on signs and symptoms of blepharitis or MGD-related DED.
Journal ArticleDOI
Systemic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors for dry eye disease in a mediterranean caucasian population
TL;DR: In this paper , a multivariate logistic regression model was constructed including those variables with a p-value less than 0.15 in the univariate analysis, including female sex, sleep hours per day, menopause, anxiety, systemic rheumatologic disease, use of anxiolytics, daily medication, ocular surgery, poor diet quality, more ultra processed food in diet, not drinking caffeine and hours of exposure to air conditioning per day.
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