Journal ArticleDOI
TFOS DEWS II Sex, Gender, and Hormones Report
David A. Sullivan,Eduardo Rocha,Pasquale Aragona,Janine A. Clayton,Juan Ding,Blanka Golebiowski,Ulrike Hampel,Alison M. McDermott,Debra A. Schaumberg,Debra A. Schaumberg,Sruthi Srinivasan,Piera Versura,Mark D. P. Willcox +12 more
TLDR
Overall, sex, gender and hormones play a major role in the regulation of ocular surface and adnexal tissues, and in the difference in DED prevalence between women and men.Abstract:
One of the most compelling features of dry eye disease (DED) is that it occurs more frequently in women than men. In fact, the female sex is a significant risk factor for the development of DED. This sex-related difference in DED prevalence is attributed in large part to the effects of sex steroids (e.g. androgens, estrogens), hypothalamic-pituitary hormones, glucocorticoids, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and thyroid hormones, as well as to the sex chromosome complement, sex-specific autosomal factors and epigenetics (e.g. microRNAs). In addition to sex, gender also appears to be a risk factor for DED. "Gender" and "sex" are words that are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. "Gender" refers to a person's self-representation as a man or woman, whereas "sex" distinguishes males and females based on their biological characteristics. Both gender and sex affect DED risk, presentation of the disease, immune responses, pain, care-seeking behaviors, service utilization, and myriad other facets of eye health. Overall, sex, gender and hormones play a major role in the regulation of ocular surface and adnexal tissues, and in the difference in DED prevalence between women and men. The purpose of this Subcommittee report is to review and critique the nature of this role, as well as to recommend areas for future research to advance our understanding of the interrelationships between sex, gender, hormones and DED.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Prolactin Inducible Protein, but Not Prolactin, Is Present in Human Tears, Is Involved in Tear Film Quality, and Influences Evaporative Dry Eye Disease
TL;DR: Clinical data revealed that PIP may affect tear quality, but further functional analyses are needed to fully elucidate the effects of PRL and PIP-associated factors in tear secretion as well as in the connection of DED.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Relationship Between Caffeine Intake and Dry Eye Disease
TL;DR: In this article , the authors determined the association between caffeine intake and dry eye disease (DED) in the large, population-based LifeLines cohort in the Netherlands and used logistic regression to investigate the relationship between DED and caffeine, correcting for demographic variables, smoking status, alcohol intake and 48 comorbidities of DED.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improvement of conjunctival cytological grade and tear production in Ankylosing Spondylitis patients under TNF inhibitors: a long-term follow-up
Fany Solange Usuba,C. G. S. Saad,Nadia E. Aikawa,Priscila Novaes,Julio C. B. Moraes,Ruth Miyuki Santo,Jozélio Freire de Carvalho,Eloisa Bonfa,Milton Ruiz Alves +8 more
TL;DR: The long-term parallel improvement of disease activity and OS parameters in AS patients receiving TNFi suggests that the OS can be an additional target of systemic inflammation in AS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Morphological and Functional Changes of Meibomian Glands in Pediatric and Adult Patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis
Yuqing Wu,Hao Jiang,Xujiao Zhou,Zimeng Zhai,Pei Juin Yang,S-H Zhou,Hao Gu,Jianjiang Xu,Jiaxu Hong +8 more
TL;DR: The findings showed that the structure and function of MGs in pediatric patients with AC seem to improve after the conjunctival papillae disappear, but not in adult patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Corneal Epithelial Stem Cell Supernatant in the Treatment of Severe Dry Eye Disease: A Pilot Study.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the subjective assessment of topical self-administered, cadaver-derived corneal epithelial stem cell supernatant for treatment of severe dry eye disease (DED).
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