Journal ArticleDOI
TFOS DEWS II Sex, Gender, and Hormones Report
David A. Sullivan,Eduardo Rocha,Pasquale Aragona,Janine A. Clayton,Juan Ding,Blanka Golebiowski,Ulrike Hampel,Alison M. McDermott,Debra A. Schaumberg,Debra A. Schaumberg,Sruthi Srinivasan,Piera Versura,Mark D. P. Willcox +12 more
TLDR
Overall, sex, gender and hormones play a major role in the regulation of ocular surface and adnexal tissues, and in the difference in DED prevalence between women and men.Abstract:
One of the most compelling features of dry eye disease (DED) is that it occurs more frequently in women than men. In fact, the female sex is a significant risk factor for the development of DED. This sex-related difference in DED prevalence is attributed in large part to the effects of sex steroids (e.g. androgens, estrogens), hypothalamic-pituitary hormones, glucocorticoids, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and thyroid hormones, as well as to the sex chromosome complement, sex-specific autosomal factors and epigenetics (e.g. microRNAs). In addition to sex, gender also appears to be a risk factor for DED. "Gender" and "sex" are words that are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. "Gender" refers to a person's self-representation as a man or woman, whereas "sex" distinguishes males and females based on their biological characteristics. Both gender and sex affect DED risk, presentation of the disease, immune responses, pain, care-seeking behaviors, service utilization, and myriad other facets of eye health. Overall, sex, gender and hormones play a major role in the regulation of ocular surface and adnexal tissues, and in the difference in DED prevalence between women and men. The purpose of this Subcommittee report is to review and critique the nature of this role, as well as to recommend areas for future research to advance our understanding of the interrelationships between sex, gender, hormones and DED.read more
Citations
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Dihydrotestosterone suppression of proinflammatory gene expression in human meibomian gland epithelial cells.
TL;DR: DHT significantly suppressed the expression of numerous immune-related genes in HMGECs, such as those associated with antigen processing and presentation, innate and adaptive immune responses, chemotaxis, and cytokine production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comorbidities and Prescribed Medications in Patients With or Without Dry Eye Disease: A Population-Based Study
TL;DR: The high proportions of patients with DED with a range of comorbidities and prescribed medications highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the management of these patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Novel insight into the role of CFTR in lacrimal gland duct function in mice
Orsolya Berczeli,Eszter Vizvári,Máté Katona,Dénes Török,László Szalay,Ferenc Rárosi,István Németh,Zoltán Rakonczay,Péter Hegyi,Chuanqing Ding,Edit Tóth-Molnár +10 more
TL;DR: The results suggest the important role of CFTR in LG ductal secretion and in the maintenance of ocular surface integrity, suggesting that CFTR may be a promising target of novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of dry eye.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nutritional and Metabolic Imbalance in Keratoconus
TL;DR: This paper comprehensively review the different nutritional and metabolic factors that are altered in Keratoconus, discussing their possible implication in the pathophysiology of the disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lacrimal gland excision in male and female mice causes ocular pain and anxiety-like behaviors.
Neal E. Mecum,Neal E. Mecum,Danielle Demers,Cara E. Sullivan,Cara E. Sullivan,Tori E. Denis,John R. Kalliel,John R. Kalliel,Ian D. Meng,Ian D. Meng,Ian D. Meng +10 more
TL;DR: Overall, female mice appear more susceptible to signs of ocular pain, irritation, and anxiety in response to aqueous tear deficiency.
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