Journal ArticleDOI
TFOS DEWS II Sex, Gender, and Hormones Report
David A. Sullivan,Eduardo Rocha,Pasquale Aragona,Janine A. Clayton,Juan Ding,Blanka Golebiowski,Ulrike Hampel,Alison M. McDermott,Debra A. Schaumberg,Debra A. Schaumberg,Sruthi Srinivasan,Piera Versura,Mark D. P. Willcox +12 more
TLDR
Overall, sex, gender and hormones play a major role in the regulation of ocular surface and adnexal tissues, and in the difference in DED prevalence between women and men.Abstract:
One of the most compelling features of dry eye disease (DED) is that it occurs more frequently in women than men. In fact, the female sex is a significant risk factor for the development of DED. This sex-related difference in DED prevalence is attributed in large part to the effects of sex steroids (e.g. androgens, estrogens), hypothalamic-pituitary hormones, glucocorticoids, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and thyroid hormones, as well as to the sex chromosome complement, sex-specific autosomal factors and epigenetics (e.g. microRNAs). In addition to sex, gender also appears to be a risk factor for DED. "Gender" and "sex" are words that are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. "Gender" refers to a person's self-representation as a man or woman, whereas "sex" distinguishes males and females based on their biological characteristics. Both gender and sex affect DED risk, presentation of the disease, immune responses, pain, care-seeking behaviors, service utilization, and myriad other facets of eye health. Overall, sex, gender and hormones play a major role in the regulation of ocular surface and adnexal tissues, and in the difference in DED prevalence between women and men. The purpose of this Subcommittee report is to review and critique the nature of this role, as well as to recommend areas for future research to advance our understanding of the interrelationships between sex, gender, hormones and DED.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
A randomized multicenter clinical evaluation of sequential application of 0.3% and 0.15% hyaluronic acid for treatment of dry eye.
Jong Hwa Jun,Seung Pil Bang,Han Sang Park,Donghee Yoon,Ja Young Ahn,Seong Jae Kim,Hong Kyun Kim +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the clinical efficacy of sequential applications of 0.3% and 0.15% unpreserved hyaluronic acid (HA) for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED) was reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Critical Appraisal of the Physicochemical Properties and Biological Effects of Artificial Tear Ingredients and Formulations
TL;DR: In this paper , the physicochemical and biological properties of artificial tear components and how these characteristics determine their use and efficacy in the management of dry eye are discussed and various formulations of artificial tears such as macro and nanoemulsion and the type of preservatives present in them.
Journal ArticleDOI
The epidemiology of dry eye disease in the UK: The Aston dry eye study
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used the Tear Film Ocular Surface Dry Eye Workshop II (TFOS DEWS II) criteria, based on a positive symptom score with the Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5) and Ocular surface Disease Index (OSDI), and one of the following homeostasis markers: non-invasive tear break-up time of < 10 s (Oculus Keratograph 5M); the highest osmolarity value of ≥ 308 mOsm/L among eyes or an interocular osmolicity difference of > 8 mOm/L.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) as Partaker in the Modulation of UV-Response in Cultured Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts
TL;DR: A single UV exposure activated conjunctival FBs to release pro-inflammatory/fibrogenic factors in association with epigenetic changes, and the effects were selectively counteracted by NGF supplementation in a dose-dependent fashion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex Steroid Hormone Analysis in Human Tear Fluid Using a Liquid Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry Method
Alexandra Robciuc,Hanna Savolainen-Peltonen,Mikko Haanpää,Jukka A O Moilanen,Tomi S. Mikkola +4 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and Triple Quad 5500 MS to detect five of the six steroid hormones studied in individual human TF samples and to analyse the role of sex steroids in eye diseases.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R).
Ronald C. Kessler,Patricia A. Berglund,Olga Demler,Robert Jin,Doreen S. Koretz,Kathleen R. Merikangas,A. John Rush,Ellen E. Walters,Philip S. Wang +8 more
TL;DR: Notably, major depressive disorder is a common disorder, widely distributed in the population, and usually associated with substantial symptom severity and role impairment, and while the recent increase in treatment is encouraging, inadequate treatment is a serious concern.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Their Binding Proteins: Biological Actions*
J. I. Jones,David R. Clemmons +1 more
TL;DR: In recognition of its generalized pleiotypic actions, sulfation factor was renamed somatomedin (mediator of the effects of somatotropin) and was included in the emerging classification of broad spectrum growth factors along with platelet derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factors, and epidermal growth factor.
Journal ArticleDOI
Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment.
TL;DR: In this article, a large-scale computer-assisted telephone survey was conducted to explore the prevalence, severity, treatment and impact of chronic pain in 15 European countries and Israel and found that chronic pain is a major health care problem in Europe that needs to be taken more seriously.
Journal ArticleDOI
Upstream and downstream of mTOR
Nissim Hay,Nahum Sonenberg +1 more
TL;DR: Both the upstream components of the signaling pathway(s) that activates mammalian TOR (mTOR) and the downstream targets that affect protein synthesis are described.
Physicians Desk Reference
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of manufacturers, product categories, and diagnostic product information, including name, product category, and identification of product categories and attributes, with a focus on medical applications.