Upstream and downstream of mTOR
Nissim Hay,Nahum Sonenberg +1 more
TLDR
Both the upstream components of the signaling pathway(s) that activates mammalian TOR (mTOR) and the downstream targets that affect protein synthesis are described.Abstract:
The evolutionarily conserved checkpoint protein kinase, TOR (target of rapamycin), has emerged as a major effector of cell growth and proliferation via the regulation of protein synthesis. Work in the last decade clearly demonstrates that TOR controls protein synthesis through a stunning number of downstream targets. Some of the targets are phosphorylated directly by TOR, but many are phosphorylated indirectly. In this review, we summarize some recent developments in this fast-evolving field. We describe both the upstream components of the signaling pathway(s) that activates mammalian TOR (mTOR) and the downstream targets that affect protein synthesis. We also summarize the roles of mTOR in the control of cell growth and proliferation, as well as its relevance to cancer and synaptic plasticity.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TOR signaling in growth and metabolism.
TL;DR: The physiological consequences of mammalianTORC1 dysregulation suggest that inhibitors of mammalian TOR may be useful in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity, and metabolic disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Temsirolimus, interferon alfa, or both for advanced renal-cell carcinoma.
Gary R. Hudes,Michael A. Carducci,Piotr Tomczak,Janice P. Dutcher,Robert A. Figlin,Anil Kapoor,Elzbieta Staroslawska,Jeffrey A. Sosman,David F. McDermott,Istvan Bodrogi,Zoran Kovacevic,Vladimir Lesovoy,Ingo G.H. Schmidt-Wolf,Olga Barbarash,Erhan Gokmen,Timothy O'Toole,Stephanie Lustgarten,Laurence Moore,Robert J. Motzer +18 more
TL;DR: As compared with interferon alfa, temsirolimus improved overall survival among patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma and a poor prognosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of type-I- and type-II-interferon-mediated signalling.
TL;DR: It is anticipated that an increased understanding of the contributions of these recently identified pathways will advance current thinking about how interferons work.
Journal ArticleDOI
AMP-activated protein kinase: Ancient energy gauge provides clues to modern understanding of metabolism
TL;DR: Through signaling, metabolic, and gene expression effects, AMPK enhances insulin sensitivity and fosters a metabolic milieu that may reduce the risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular mechanisms of mTOR-mediated translational control
Xiaoju Max Ma,John Blenis +1 more
TL;DR: Recent findings on the regulators and effectors of mTOR are highlighted and specific cases that serve as paradigms for the different modes of m TOR regulation and its control of translation are discussed.
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