Journal ArticleDOI
TFOS DEWS II Sex, Gender, and Hormones Report
David A. Sullivan,Eduardo Rocha,Pasquale Aragona,Janine A. Clayton,Juan Ding,Blanka Golebiowski,Ulrike Hampel,Alison M. McDermott,Debra A. Schaumberg,Debra A. Schaumberg,Sruthi Srinivasan,Piera Versura,Mark D. P. Willcox +12 more
TLDR
Overall, sex, gender and hormones play a major role in the regulation of ocular surface and adnexal tissues, and in the difference in DED prevalence between women and men.Abstract:
One of the most compelling features of dry eye disease (DED) is that it occurs more frequently in women than men. In fact, the female sex is a significant risk factor for the development of DED. This sex-related difference in DED prevalence is attributed in large part to the effects of sex steroids (e.g. androgens, estrogens), hypothalamic-pituitary hormones, glucocorticoids, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and thyroid hormones, as well as to the sex chromosome complement, sex-specific autosomal factors and epigenetics (e.g. microRNAs). In addition to sex, gender also appears to be a risk factor for DED. "Gender" and "sex" are words that are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. "Gender" refers to a person's self-representation as a man or woman, whereas "sex" distinguishes males and females based on their biological characteristics. Both gender and sex affect DED risk, presentation of the disease, immune responses, pain, care-seeking behaviors, service utilization, and myriad other facets of eye health. Overall, sex, gender and hormones play a major role in the regulation of ocular surface and adnexal tissues, and in the difference in DED prevalence between women and men. The purpose of this Subcommittee report is to review and critique the nature of this role, as well as to recommend areas for future research to advance our understanding of the interrelationships between sex, gender, hormones and DED.read more
Citations
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The effects of systemic aromatase inhibitors on meibomian glands and corneal structure.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the ocular surface, meibomian glands and corneal structural changes using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in patients receiving aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy due to the breast cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Relationship Between Caffeine Intake and Dry Eye Disease
Morten Schjerven Magno,Tor Paaske Utheim,Mathias Kaurstad Morthen,Harold Snieder,Nomdo M. Jansonius,Christopher J Hammond,Jelle Vehof +6 more
TL;DR: Dietary caffeine intake does not seem to be a risk factor for DED in the general population, and was similar in male and female participants and independent of sleep quality and stress at work.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human meibomian gland epithelial cell culture models: Current progress, challenges, and future directions.
TL;DR: The immortalized human meibomian gland epithelia cell (iHMGEC) line has made possible extensive studies of the biology and pathophysiology of MG as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Schirmer test results: are they associated with topical or systemic medication?
Ulrike Hampel,Alexander K. Schuster,Stefan Nickels,Andreas Schulz,Karl J. Lackner,Thomas Münzel,Philipp S. Wild,Manfred E. Beutel,Irene Schmidtmann,Norbert Pfeiffer +9 more
TL;DR: For the first time, the distribution of tear fluid quantity by ST is described in a very large cohort of the general population and associations of ST measures with topical and systemic medication are found.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human meibomian gland epithelial cell culture models: Current progress, challenges, and future directions
TL;DR: The immortalized human meibomian gland epithelia cell (iHMGEC) line has made possible extensive studies of the biology and pathophysiology of MG as mentioned in this paper .
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