The astacin protein family in Caenorhabditis elegans
TLDR
Based on structural differences of the regulatory unit, six NAS subgroups were established, which seemingly represented different functional and evolutionary clusters, perfectly reflected in an evolutionary tree constructed solely from amino acid sequence information of the catalytic chain.Abstract:
In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, 40 genes code for astacin-like proteins (nematode astacins, NAS). The astacins are metalloproteases present in bacteria, invertebrates and vertebrates and serve a variety of physiological functions like digestion, hatching, peptide processing, morphogenesis and pattern formation. With the exception of one distorted pseudogene, all the other C. elegans astacins are expressed and are evidently functional. For 13 genes we found splicing patterns differing from the Genefinder predictions in WormBase, sometimes markedly. The GFP expression pattern for NAS-4 shows a specific localization in anterior pharynx cells and in the whole digestive tract (as the secreted form). In contrast, NAS-7 is found in the head of adult hermaphrodites, but not in pharynx cells or in the lumen of the digestive tract. In embryos, NAS-7 fluorescence becomes detectable just before hatching. In C. elegans astacins, three basic structural and functional moieties can be discerned: a prepro portion, the central catalytic chain and long C-terminal extensions with presumably regulatory functions. Within the regulatory moiety, EFG-like, CUB, SXC, and TSP-1 domains can be distinguished. Based on structural differences of the regulatory unit we established six NAS subgroups, which seemingly represented different functional and evolutionary clusters. This pattern deduced exclusively from the domain arrangement in the regulatory moiety is perfectly reflected in an evolutionary tree constructed solely from amino acid sequence information of the catalytic chain. Related catalytic chains tend to have related regulatory extensions. The notable gene, NAS-39 shows a striking resemblance to human BMP-1 and the tolloids.read more
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Comprehensive single-cell transcriptional profiling of a multicellular organism
Junyue Cao,Jonathan S. Packer,Vijay Ramani,Darren A. Cusanovich,Chau Huynh,Ray A. M. Daza,Xiaojie Qiu,Choli Lee,Scott N. Furlan,Scott N. Furlan,Scott N. Furlan,Frank J. Steemers,Andrew Adey,Andrew Adey,Robert H. Waterston,Cole Trapnell,Jay Shendure,Jay Shendure +17 more
TL;DR: The authors profiled almost 50,000 single cells from an individual Caenorhabditis elegans larval stage and were able to identify and recover information from different, even rare, cell types and develop combinatorial indexing strategies to profile the transcriptomes of single cells or nuclei.
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Meprins, membrane-bound and secreted astacin metalloproteinases.
TL;DR: The in vivo substrates of meprins are unknown, but the abundant expression of these proteinases in the epithelial cells of the intestine, kidney and skin provide clues to their functions.
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Genetic and developmental basis of cichlid trophic diversity.
R C Albertson,Thomas D. Kocher +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the cichlid jaw is regulated by a few genes of major additive effect, and is composed of modules that have evolved under strong divergent selection, supporting a role for bmp4 in craniofacial evolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent advances in the understanding of brown spider venoms: From the biology of spiders to the molecular mechanisms of toxins.
Luiza Helena Gremski,Dilza Trevisan-Silva,Valéria Pereira Ferrer,Fernando Hitomi Matsubara,Gabriel Otto Meissner,Ana Carolina Martins Wille,Ana Carolina Martins Wille,Larissa Vuitika,Camila Dias-Lopes,Anwar Ullah,Fabio Rogerio de Moraes,Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui,Katia C. Barbaro,Mário T. Murakami,Raghuvir K. Arni,Andrea Senff-Ribeiro,Olga Meiri Chaim,Silvio Sanches Veiga +17 more
TL;DR: The objective of the present review is to provide insights into the brown spider venoms and loxoscelism based on recent results, including the biology of brown spiders, the clinical features of loxocelism and the diagnosis and therapy of brown spider bites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brown spider (Loxosceles genus) venom toxins: tools for biological purposes.
Olga Meiri Chaim,Dilza Trevisan-Silva,Daniele Chaves-Moreira,Ana Carolina Martins Wille,Valéria Pereira Ferrer,Fernando Hitomi Matsubara,Oldemir C. Mangili,Rafael Bertoni da Silveira,Luiza Helena Gremski,Waldemiro Gremski,Andrea Senff-Ribeiro,Silvio Sanches Veiga +11 more
TL;DR: How recent reports describing discoveries in the area of brown spider venom have expanded biotechnological uses of molecules identified in these venoms is seen, with special emphasis on the construction of a cDNA library for venom glands, transcriptome analysis, proteomic projects, recombinant expression of different proteic toxins, and finally structural descriptions based on crystallography of toxins.
References
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