The Complexity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres,Carlos David Araújo Bichara,Maria de Nazaré do Socorro de Almeida,Mariana Cayres Vallinoto,Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz,Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto,Eduardo José Melo dos Santos,Carlos Alberto Marques de Carvalho,Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto +8 more
TLDR
An extensive literature review is carried out in order to bring together, in a single article, the biological, social, genetic, diagnostic, therapeutic, immunization, and even socioeconomic aspects that impact the SAR-CoV-2 pandemic.Abstract:
The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the death of millions of people worldwide and thousands more infected individuals developed sequelae due to the disease of the new coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19). The development of several studies has contributed to the knowledge about the evolution of SARS-CoV2 infection and the disease to more severe forms. Despite this information being debated in the scientific literature, many mechanisms still need to be better understood in order to control the spread of the virus and treat clinical cases of COVID-19. In this article, we carried out an extensive literature review in order to bring together, in a single article, the biological, social, genetic, diagnostic, therapeutic, immunization, and even socioeconomic aspects that impact the SAR-CoV-2 pandemic. This information gathered in this article will enable a broad and consistent reading of the main aspects related to the current pandemic.read more
Citations
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Cytokine Profiles Associated With Acute COVID-19 and Long COVID-19 Syndrome
Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz,Pablo Fabiano Moura das Neves,Sandra Souza Lima,Jeferson da Costa Lopes,Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres,Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto,Carlos David Araújo Bichara,Erika Ferreira dos Santos,Mioni Thieli Figueiredo Magalhães de Brito,Andréa Luciana Soares da Silva,Mauro de Meira Leite,Flávia Póvoa da Costa,Maria de Nazaré do Socorro de Almeida Viana,Fabíola Brasil Barbosa Rodrigues,Kevin Matheus Lima de Sarges,Marcos Henrique Damasceno Cantanhede,Rosilene Taveira da Silva,Cléa Nazaré Carneiro Bichara,Anastasia van den Berg,Adriana O.L. Veríssimo,Mayara da Silva Carvalho,Daniele Freitas Henriques,Carla Pinheiro dos Santos,Juliana Abreu Lima Nunes,Iran Barros Costa,Giselle Maria Rachid Viana,Francisca Regina Oliveira Carneiro,Vera Regina da Cunha Menezes Palácios,Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma,Igor Brasil-Costa,Eduardo José Melo dos Santos,Luiz Fábio Magno Falcão,Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto +32 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that advanced age, comorbidities and elevated serum IL-6 levels are associated with severe COVID-19 and are good markers to differentiate severe from mild cases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of COVID-19-associated neurological manifestations
Lucia A Méndez-García,Galileo Escobedo,Alan Gerardo Minguer-Uribe,Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria,José A Aguayo-Guerrero,José Damián Carrillo-Ruiz,Helena Solleiro-Villavicencio +6 more
TL;DR: The role of RAS is analyzed in the development of the neurological effects due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the RAS-molecular targets that could be used for therapeutic purposes to treat the short and long-term neurological COVID-19-related sequelae are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
New Insights into SARS-CoV-2 and Cancer Cross-Talk: Does a Novel Oncogenesis Driver Emerge?
Vasiliki Rapti,Thomas Tsaganos,Ioannis Vathiotis,Nikolaos Syrigos,Peifeng Li,Garyphallia Poulakou +5 more
TL;DR: An up-to-date review of the current literature regarding COVID-19 and cancer cross-talk, as well as the oncogenic pathways stimulated by SARS-CoV-2 are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19 and rheumatic diseases: A mini-review
Livia Roseti,Brunella Grigolo +1 more
TL;DR: A mini-review of the current literature is provided with the aim of shedding light on the relationship between COVID-19 and rheumatic or musculoskeletal diseases, which is still unclear.
Journal ArticleDOI
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Activates Human Lung Macrophages
Francesco Palestra,Remo Poto,Renato Ciardi,Giorgia Opromolla,Agnese Secondo,Valentina Tedeschi,Anne Lise Ferrara,Rosa Maria Di Crescenzo,Maria Rosaria Galdiero,Leonardo Cristinziano,Luca Modestino,Gianni Marone,A. Fiorelli,Gilda Varricchi,Stefania Loffredo +14 more
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of spike protein on HLM activation and the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in HLMs were investigated, and it was shown that spike protein induced CXCL8, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β release from HLMs; promoted efficient phagocytosis; and induced dysfunction of intracellular Ca2+ concentration by increasing lysosomal Ca 2+ content in HLM.
References
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Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study.
Fei Zhou,Ting Yu,Ronghui Du,Guohui Fan,Ying Liu,Zhibo Liu,Jie Xiang,Yeming Wang,Bin Song,Xiaoying Gu,Xiaoying Gu,Lulu Guan,Yuan Wei,Li Hui,Xudong Wu,Jiuyang Xu,Shengjin Tu,Yi Zhang,Hua Chen,Bin Cao +19 more
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A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Peng Zhou,Xing-Lou Yang,Xian Guang Wang,Ben Hu,Lei Zhang,Wei Zhang,Hao Rui Si,Yan Zhu,Bei Li,Chao Lin Huang,Hui-Dong Chen,Jing Chen,Yun Luo,Hua Guo,Ren Di Jiang,Meiqin Liu,Ying Chen,Xu Rui Shen,Xi Wang,Xiao Shuang Zheng,Kai Zhao,Quanjiao Chen,Fei Deng,Lin Lin Liu,Bing Yan,Fa Xian Zhan,Yan-Yi Wang,Gengfu Xiao,Zhengli Shi +28 more
TL;DR: Identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China, and it is shown that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV, indicates that the virus is related to a bat coronav virus.
Journal ArticleDOI
SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor
Markus Hoffmann,Hannah Kleine-Weber,Simon Schroeder,Nadine Krüger,Tanja Herrler,Sandra Erichsen,Tobias S. Schiergens,Georg Herrler,Nai Huei Wu,Andreas Nitsche,Marcel A. Müller,Christian Drosten,Christian Drosten,Stefan Pöhlmann +13 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS -CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming, and it is shown that the sera from convalescent SARS patients cross-neutralized Sars-2-S-driven entry.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia.
Qun Li,Xuhua Guan,Peng Wu,Xiaoye Wang,Lei Zhou,Yeqing Tong,Ruiqi Ren,Kathy Leung,Eric H. Y. Lau,Jessica Y. Wong,Xuesen Xing,Nijuan Xiang,Yang Wu,Chao Li,Chen Qi,Dan Li,Tian Liu,Jing Zhao,Man Liu,Wenxiao Tu,Chuding Chen,Lianmei Jin,Rui Yang,Qi Wang,Suhua Zhou,Rui Wang,Hui Liu,Yingbo Luo,Yuan Liu,Ge Shao,Huan Li,Zhongfa Tao,Yang Yang,Yang Yang,Zhiqiang Deng,Boxi Liu,Zhitao Ma,Yanping Zhang,Guoqing Shi,Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam,Joseph T. Wu,George F. Gao,George F. Gao,Benjamin J. Cowling,Bo Yang,Gabriel M. Leung,Zijian Feng +46 more
TL;DR: There is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019 and considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding.
Roujian Lu,Xiang Zhao,Juan Li,Peihua Niu,Bo Yang,Honglong Wu,Wenling Wang,Hao Song,Baoying Huang,Na Zhu,Yuhai Bi,Xuejun Ma,Faxian Zhan,Liang Wang,Tao Hu,Hong Zhou,Zhenhong Hu,Weimin Zhou,Li Zhao,Jing Chen,Yao Meng,Ji Wang,Yang Lin,Jianying Yuan,Zhihao Xie,Jinmin Ma,William J. Liu,Dayan Wang,Wenbo Xu,Edward C. Holmes,George F. Gao,George F. Gao,Guizhen Wu,Weijun Chen,Weifeng Shi,Wenjie Tan,Wenjie Tan +36 more
TL;DR: The phylogenetic analysis suggests that bats might be the original host of this virus, an animal sold at the seafood market in Wuhan might represent an intermediate host facilitating the emergence of the virus in humans.
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